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TILDA – The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Trinity College Dublin
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The Irish Longitudinal
StuDy on Ageing
EvidenceBased
Research on Ageing in Ireland
Implications for public policy
InternationalComparative
Analysis
TILDA A Critical Resource for Science and Policy in Ireland
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Funding
• Preliminary and Pilot (2 years)
• 10 year study
• Irish Life
• Atlantic Philanthropies
• Government (Health/Office Older People)
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Ageing in Ireland
• Proportion of population ≥65 has remained steady at about 11% for the past 40 years
• It is projected that this proportion will rise to 20-25% by 2036 (CSO 2006)
• The greatest increase will be in the oldest old
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Age Pyramid for World Population
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
0- 4
10-14
20-24
30-34
40-44
50-54
60-64
70-74
80+
Age (
years
)
Population (millions)
2050
2025
2000
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Age Pyramid for Irish Population
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0- 4
10-14
20-24
30-34
40-44
50-54
60-64
70-74
80-84
90-94
100+
Age (
year
s)
Population (thousands)
2050
2025
2000
Source: US census bureau International database
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GenesGenes
NutritionNutrition
Family Networks
Family Networks
Social Participation
Social Participation
EducationEducation
Household Structure
Household Structure
Marital Status
Marital Status
Work and Retirement
Work and Retirement
Income and
assets
Income and
assets
Mental health
Mental health
HealthHealth
Experience Experience of of
AgeingAgeing
Experience Experience of of
AgeingAgeing
Factors Affecting the Experience of Ageing
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Factors Influencing the Experience of Ageing
HappinessHappiness
HealthHealth WealthWealth
Quality of Life Quality of Life
income, care, housing,income, care, housing, families, morale, pensions, families, morale, pensions, social networks, social networks, participation work forceparticipation work force
scale and scope ofscale and scope of
contributions madecontributions made
by older people to life by older people to life
in Irelandin Ireland
health statushealth statusmental statusmental status
EnvironmentEnvironment
ExpectationsExpectations ExperienceExperience
social and historicalsocial and historical
TILDA’s Domains
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Key Multi-disciplinary QuestionsKey Multi-disciplinary Questions• What changeschanges occur in
physical, psychological and cognitive function over time and across ages?
• What are the physicalphysical, socialsocial and economiceconomic factors that condition these changes?
• What are the adaptive adaptive responsesresponses to change and how do these contribute to successful ageing?
Health
Wealth Happiness
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Study DesignStudy Design
• Longitudinal Cohort Study
• Nationally representative sample
• Approximately 8-10,000
• Aged >50 years
• Minimum follow-up 10 years
• Collaboration from institutions across Ireland• Comparable with– ELSA, HRS, SHARE,
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Data Collection
SocialSocialFamily situationNature and extent of contactFunctionLevels of care/support, formal/informalFamily transfers – time,assets, income, Social participation/ engagement
TILDA will combine data collection strategies:TILDA will combine data collection strategies:
Face-to-face Interviews- Self reportClinical Assessments- ObjectiveNurse visit/Clinical centreData Linkage
EconomicLabour force participation, retirement – current and retrospectiveFactors influencing the retirement decisionDetailed measures of Income Assets/Wealth, especially housingHuman capital, training (past, present, future) – lifelong learning
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TILDA Milestones
Sep 2006 Start project
Aug 2009 Complete pilot(s)
Sept 2009 Brief Wave 1
July 2010 Clean complete file Wave 1
2010/11 Analysis Wave 1
Sept 2011 Brief Wave 2
July 2012 Clean complete linked Wave 2 file
2012/13 Analysis Waves 2/1
Sept 2013 Brief Wave 3
July 2014 Clean complete linked Wave 3 file
2014/15 Analysis Waves 3/2/1
Sept 2015 Brief Wave 4
July 2016 Clean complete linked Wave 4 file
2016 Analysis Waves 4/3/2/1
Dec 2016 Completion of 10 year period
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Home-Self Report, Objective
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PK- Parkinson’s Disease
LocomotionLocomotion
R
HRV
Autonomic Autonomic FunctionFunction
NutritionNutrition
Pulse Wave Velocity
MemoryAttentionConcentrationExecuitive
Senses:Vision, (Acuity, Contrast, Macular pigmment, Retinal Artery, HearingPerception, Tactile
Anxiety, depression, LonelinessFalls, FOF, QOL
Blood:GenesInflammation
GaitBalance
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NeurocardiovascularNeurocardiovascularLocomotionLocomotion
PolicyPolicy
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ConvenienceConvenienceSmall StudiesSmall Studies
TILDATILDA
Hypothesis Hypothesis Generating Generating and Testingand TestingTranslational Translational ResearchResearch
POLICYPOLICY
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TRILCENTRE.ORG TRILCENTRE.ORG INTEL, IDAINTEL, IDA(30millionX3yrs)
Corridor
Home and community
Clinic FallsCognitionSocial Connection
FrailtyFrailtyIsolationIsolation
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TILDA OutcomesTILDA will enable us to…– Raise and heighten awarenessawareness ageing issues;– Identify and understand trendstrends in ageing;– generalizabilitygeneralizability of findings from smaller studies;– Develop informed policiesinformed policies ; improved advocacy – Make Ireland a hotbed for ageing researchageing research and
innovation in technology, services, & other domains;– Validate Validate measures used globally around ageing; – Inform an emerging market of care servicescare services; – Potentially lead to start-upsstart-ups and spin-off venturesspin-off ventures, e.g.
in pharma, biotech, assistive tech, service delivery, etc.
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OpportunitiesOpportunities
Extension of the Extension of the Survey to Survey to Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland
– Scientific value of observing in one island – Different government, social
care, health system
–One islandOne island 2 2 systemssystems
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Policy Context - Ireland’s unique featuresPolicy Context - Ireland’s unique features DemographyDemography
• Population is young – ageing will occur later than in the rest of Europe
• Ireland has one of the lowest old-age dependency rates in the OECD
• Will still be one of the lowest in 2025
• But by 2050 will rise to the EU-15 average
• Relatively high age of retirement for men
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Ageing in Ireland - unique featuresAgeing in Ireland - unique features PensionsPensions
• Low cost, low level flat rate State pension• Ireland has lowest net replacement rate in the
OECD• Occupational pension coverage low – 52% of the
workforce. Policy strongly focussed on raising this
• Bulk of the population reliant on State pension – this is low but has improved relative to average earnings
• National Pension Reserve Fund introduced in 2001 – will pay out from 2025
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Ageing in Ireland - unique featuresAgeing in Ireland - unique features Poverty and Living StandardsPoverty and Living Standards
• Picture regarding poverty in old age is very dependent on the period selected and the data source used
• According to EUROSTAT definitons, Ireland has one of highest rates of poverty among the over 65s in the EU
• But this is based on a headcount measure – picture more favourable if “poverty gap” measure is used
• This is due to marked bunching of households at the exact State pension level
• Link TILDA work with extensive national and international research on poverty measurement conducted in the ESRI over last 20 years
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PROPORTION OF PERSONS 65+ AT RISK OF POVERTY (BASED ON EUROSTAT DATA)
0 10 20 30 40 50
NL
LU
SE
DE
FR
IT
AT
FI
DK
BE
UK
EL
P T
ES
IE
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Other unique featuresOther unique features
• Very high level of owner occupation, rising strongly with age
• In recent years, very high immigration – this has short run and long run effects
• Low divorce rate
• Relatively large number of individuals living in rural settings
• Falling celibacy rate
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Huge Challenges for our Society and for Public Policy
• How to maintain the living standards and quality of life of our population?– Pensions, Housing
• How to provide appropriate services and facilities?– Healthcare, Social Care, Social Contact
• How to ensure effectiveness and financial sustainability?– Level and mix of Public Expenditure, Role of the
Public and Private sectors
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1. Pension Issues1. Pension Issues• Key focus of policy – how to improve coverage• Limited effectivness so far – why? • TILDA will provide new and detailed information
on much more than coverage:– Pension type (DB,DC etc)– Pension Quality (amount, indexation etc)– Distribution by sector, occupation, gender– Knowledge about pensions
• Allow analysis of which groups and what factors influence pension take up
• Unique new data on pension alternatives – housing, investments, businesses
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2. The Retirement Decison2. The Retirement Decison
• Increasing retirement age key objective for all countries
• It will:– improve pension funding levels– improve living standards in old age– reduce labour shortages– Increase social participation
• The longitudinal dimension of TILDA will allow analysis of the retirement decision and determination of what could make staying at work more attractive
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3. Formal and Informal Care3. Formal and Informal Care
• Policy Issue – how to ensure a high level of complementarity between formal and informal care
• TILDA will provide in-depth information on:– The family situation and on the nature and extent of
contact– Care needs as measured by ADLs, IADLs – Levels of care/support, both formal (state and
private) and informal (family and voluntary)– Intra family transfers – assets, income, time
• Social participation/ engagement