Download - The why and how of independent learning
![Page 1: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Why and How of Independent Learning
![Page 2: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outcomes• The concept of autonomy• What does autonomy involve?• Profile of autonomous learners• Connection between autonomy the language
classroom:– Challenges and teaching opportunities
![Page 3: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Warm upWork in groups of three or four. Find words that begin with
ten:1. Inclination2. Delicate, gentle or sore3. A racket game4. Between baritone and alto5. Stretched tight6. A place to live7. Camping equipment8. Person who rents a house or an apartment
Tendency
![Page 4: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Warm upWork in groups of three or four. Find words that begin with
ten:1. Inclination Tendency2. Delicate, gentle or sore: Tender3. A racket game: Tennis4. Between baritone and alto: Tenor5. Stretched tight: Tense6. A place to live: Tenement7. Camping equipment: Tent 8. Person who rents a house or an apartment: Tenant
![Page 5: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is autonomy?• Work with a partner and come up with your
own definition
![Page 6: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is autonomy?• A generic definition: The competence to
develop as a self-determined, socially responsible and critically aware participant in (and beyond) educational environments, within a vision of education as (inter)personal empowerment and social transformation.
(Pedagogy for Autonomy in Language Education in Europe: Towards a Framework for Learner and Teacher Development (2007. Dublin : Authentik. Manuel Jinénez Raya, Terry Lamb, and Flávia Vieira)
![Page 7: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is autonomy?• The ability to take charge of one’s own
learning (Holec, cited in Griffiths, 2008)• The central issue is “decision-making in the
learning process”.– This implies a change in role of the learner and
teacher (more on this later)
![Page 8: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Autonomous learning is NOT:
• learning without a teacher or in isolation• another teaching method• just a set of skills, rules or strategies• let students do what they like when they
want to if they want to
![Page 10: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What does autonomy involve?Motivation, Self-esteem, Self-regulation,
Independent action, Counseling, Learning Styles, Learning Strategies, Learner Training, Teacher Training, Self- and Peer-assessment, Critical reflection, Learner Diaries, Learner Contracts, Culture, Technology, Self-access, Decision-making, Affect, Multiple Intelligences, Differentiation, Self-instruction, Learning Pathways, Perceptions and Beliefs, Goal-setting, Portfolios, Detachment…
![Page 11: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What does autonomy involve?• A capacity for ‘detachment’• Critical reflection• Decision-making• Independent action• Learning styles and learning strategies
![Page 12: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“It’s too hot to struggle for autonomy!”
New Yorker Cartoon by William Haefeli
![Page 13: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Autonomous learning:
… maximizes learning opportunities.
… encourages learners to incorporate ‘new’ forms in their language.
… promotes genuine learning.
AND …
Without autonomous learning no one could possibly learn a language. The systems are too complex and too numerous for conscious learning.
Adapted from: www.willis-elt.co.uk
![Page 15: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What makes an autonomous learner?• An autonomous learner:– goes beyond what the teacher presents in class.
– likes to find ways to stay in contact with the target language outside the classroom.
– does things beyond what the teacher asks or requests.
![Page 16: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What makes an autonomous learner?• An autonomous learner:– does things beyond what the teacher asks or
requests. For instance, may do extra grammar exercises either in print or on line.
– goes beyond what the teacher presents in class. For example, looks up a new word in a dictionary even if the teacher didn’t “teach” it during the lesson.
– likes to find ways to stay in contact with the target language outside the classroom. For example, may regularly keep up with English language sites of interest on the internet.
![Page 17: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Becoming autonomous• Is a process of self-discovery• Needs some guidance• Implies making choices
![Page 18: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Teacher and learner roles in autonomous learning
Teacher• Process Facilitator• Feedback provider• Supplier of tasks• Decision maker• Creator of
opportunities
Learner• Decision maker• Strategy user• Manager of
their autonomy• Collaborator
![Page 19: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Open curriculum
Autonomy in language teaching: A cline
![Page 20: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Autonomy and language teachingFocus on:– Learner involvement– Awareness of what’s relevant in their conditions
and lived experience– Choice and responsibility– Social aspect of language learning
![Page 21: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
–Learner involvement–Awareness of what’s relevant in their
conditions and lived experience–Choice and responsibility–Social aspect of language learning
![Page 22: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Learner involvement• Learner training– Self-discipline– Self-assessment– Critical reflection upon learning progress
![Page 23: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tips for self-discipline
• Set a time to study/do homework• Learn at least one new word per day• “Collect” words from the real world• Use your own word to explain a grammar rule– Try explaining it to yourself– Try explaining it to others
![Page 24: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Adapted from McCarthy, McCarten and Sandiford Touchstone 2 Cambridge University Press
![Page 25: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Adapted from McCarthy, McCarten and Sandiford Touchstone 2 Cambridge University Press
![Page 26: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Learner involvement• Learner training– Self-discipline– Self-assessment– Critical reflection upon learning progress
![Page 27: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Learner involvement: practical example
Woodward, T. 2009
![Page 28: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Woodward, T. 2009
Cute
Baby
Girl
Teddy bear
![Page 29: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Your turn
Woodward, T. 2009
dark
![Page 30: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
–Learner involvement–Awareness of what’s relevant in their
conditions and lived experience–Choice and responsibility–Social aspect of language learning
![Page 31: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Awareness of what’s relevant in their conditions and lived
experience• Needs analysis• Difference between using English vs just
remembering English
![Page 32: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Taken from Connect Second Ed by Richards, Barbisan and Sandy
![Page 33: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
–Learner involvement–Awareness of what’s relevant in their
conditions and lived experience–Choice and responsibility–Social aspect of language learning
![Page 34: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Lesson plan vs learning plan
Lessons become less predictable
Students’ expectations
Choosing a path
![Page 35: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
–Learner involvement–Awareness of what’s relevant in their
conditions and lived experience–Choice and responsibility–Social aspect of language learning
![Page 36: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Social aspect of language learning
![Page 37: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
I just bought a new TV.
And you know what?
Did I tell you about…
my accident?
Did I tell you...
about the tornado?
I won a talent contest.
And guess what?Do you know what
happened
the good news about John?
Have you heard … to the woman next door?
Adapted from: McCarthy, McCarten and Sandiford Touchstone, Cambridge University Press
![Page 38: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Social aspect of language learning: technology
• Use of technology to foster autonomous learning
![Page 39: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Do you recognize them?Do you recognize them?
Delicious
MSN
MySpace
Flickr
SkypeTwitter
![Page 40: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Video maker example
![Page 41: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
http://www.dfilm.com/live/moviemaker.html
![Page 43: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
“I’m going away for the weekend. Would you mind feeding my
husband?”
![Page 47: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
How do I start helping my students become independent?
• Get informed, read, discuss (AUTO-L online discussion list)
• Give students choices, small at first• Discuss with students what they value as
students as well as what is valued from students• Remember that autonomy = freedom• Needs analysis
![Page 48: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Needs analysis
• Tasks• Teachers• Other students
![Page 49: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Example types of activities for autonomous learning
Cooperative
Inductive
Discovery
Problem-based
Role-plays
![Page 50: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Cooperative
Taken from Richards, J. Interchange Third Edition Teacher’s Resource book
![Page 51: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Inductive
![Page 52: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Discovery
Exercise where students receive input in the form of a text or conversation to notice, and then figure out, how an expression, word or structure is used.
![Page 53: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Problem-based
![Page 54: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Problem-based
![Page 58: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Role playsTypes:- Students “act as if” they were someone else- Students “act as if” they were a well-known person- Students act as themselves in a given situation
![Page 60: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
“I know, let’s try role reversal. I’ll go on and on and on about my miserable life and we’ll see how you like it.”
![Page 61: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Help learners identify their own preferred styles and strategies
![Page 63: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Taken from Connect Second Ed by Richards, Barbisan and Sandy
![Page 64: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Conclusions:In effect, successful or expert or intelligent learners have learned acquired knowledge about learning and the attitudes that enable them to use this knowledge confidently, flexibly, appropriately and independently of a teacher. Therefore, they are autonomous.
Wendend 1991
![Page 65: The why and how of independent learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081518/5549e813b4c9051e488b4d90/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
References• Griffiths, C. – ed – (2008) Lessons from Good
Language Learners Cambridge University Press • Wenden, A. (1991) Learner Strategies for Learner
Autonomy. London: Prentice Hall International.• White, C. (2003) Language Learning in Distance
Education Cambridge University Press • Woodward, T. (2009) I think, therefore I learn 5
ETProfessional, 62:18-19 May