The support of analysis tools to flight inspection
activities
International Flight Inspection International Flight Inspection SymposiumSymposium
Oklahoma City, OK USA June 2008Oklahoma City, OK USA June 2008
M. D. Mannino A. NobilettiIDS Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A.
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The support of analysis tools to flight inspection activities 3 of 30IFIS 2008, OKC
Contents
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
2. New design challenges from RNAV navigation2. New design challenges from RNAV navigation
3. The IDS approach to the problem3. The IDS approach to the problem
4. Conclusions and Recommendations4. Conclusions and Recommendations
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Introduction
ICAOICAO
PAN-OPSPAN-OPS FAAFAA AIAI
PP
ICAOICAO
PAN-OPSPAN-OPSICAOICAO
PAN-OPSPAN-OPS
FAAFAAFAAFAA
FAAFAAFAAFAA
ICAOICAO
Ann. 10Ann. 10
ICAOICAO
Ann. 10Ann. 10ICAOICAO
Ann. 10Ann. 10ICAOICAO
Ann. 10Ann. 10ICAOICAO
Ann. 10Ann. 10
ARINCARINC
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JAAJAA
RTCARTCA
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zzzzzz FAAFAAFAAFAA
FAAFAAFAAFAA
’’50s50s
’’80s80s
TodayToday
EurocontrolEurocontrol
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Introduction (cont.)
classical use of the classical use of the ground based radio-ground based radio-
navigation aids navigation aids
Area Navigation Area Navigation
… new challenges and increased complexity
Constraints
Restrictions
Low flexibility
Not only good news, but also …
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Industry/Criteria Requirement
• Today’s safe Nav procedures rely upon their reference to fixed ground Navaids– This cannot be assumed in future applications
• Recent RNAV safety cases highlighted risks and hazards associated with poor data quality
• Today’s data integrity performance is far from that specified by ICAO.– ICAO requirements not met– No differences filed.
• Area Navigation and the potential to apply GNSS together depend ENTIRELY upon data quality.
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Challenges
• Interoperability and collaboration is a key to the future ANS ORG
• Is reliant on– with data of the required content, quality & timeliness– The right digital info, right place, right time
• AIS is introducing ISO9001-2000, but for most it is process only
• What is required is the fixing of the process of “origination to publication”,
• The co-operation of all actors in the data processing chain is fundamental and IDS actually have a proven solution to this requirement
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RNAV REQUIREMENTS
ICAO state in the “Flight procedure design Manual” (released in Q3 2008) that the procedure design process consists of different steps:
– Requirements and data collection– Design and first ICAO rules checks – Pre-Validation– Flight check – Publication
Eurocontrol stated in the “Guidance Material for the Validation of RNAV Procedures” the main steps to be performed in validating RNAV procedures
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The ICAO proposed flow for the Procedure Design Quality
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• ICAO rules in the design – Minimum distance between waypoints– MCA (Minimum Crossing Altitude) on WP, gradients,
etc
• ARINC 424 checks on the coded procedure– P&T Sequence, legs attributes, etc
• Flyability checks – Max weight, max bank angle, etc– Temperature and cross/head Wind effects
• Signal in space check (coverage, multiple DME/DME analyses, satellite visibility, etc)
The Eurocontrol proposed flow for the Procedure Design Quality
Organization Activity Comment
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Eurocontrol Guidance Workflow
Design Design procedure.procedure.Close co-Close co-operation operation with Navaid with Navaid Service Service Provider Provider and Usersand Users
Collect
Collate data Collate data concerning Navaids concerning Navaids infrastructure, infrastructure, obstacles and obstacles and aerodromeaerodromeSupplied by approved Supplied by approved surveyor/airport/govesurveyor/airport/government department.rnment department.Collate and check Collate and check data to be issued to data to be issued to flight inspection flight inspection organization. organization.
Proce
dure d
esig
n
Office
Proce
dure O
wner
Navai
ds
Enginee
r Offi
ce
Proce
dure D
esig
n
/AIS
Unit
Analyze
Admin
istra
tion
Valid
atio
n
EAD Slo
t mgm
t
Conduct Conduct independentindependentreview of review of design anddesign andcheck check flyability if flyability if designdesignis non-is non-standard.standard.May be done May be done by a third by a third party.party.
Analyse flight inspectionreport. Recheckflyability if necessaryMainly for navaid coverage but may also address bstacleassessment and flyability.
Activ
ities
Flight
Flig
ht insp
ectio
n
Conduct Conduct FlightFlightInspectioInspectionnSee ICAO See ICAO Doc 8071Doc 8071
Review
Obtain approval for publicationPublish procedure andmonitor operationalapplication
Flig
ht insp
ectio
n
Proce
dure D
esig
n
& Nav
aids
Enginee
r
Proce
dure d
esig
n
Office
Validate
Pro
cedure
Des
ign
Office
/ Owner
/ AIS
/
ATC /Reg
ulato
r
Design
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New design challenges from RNAV navigation
GNSS related topics (from ICAO, 2007, Manual on Testing Radionavigation Aids doc. 8071, volume II, Testing of
Satellite-based Radionavigation Systems, chapter 1):
• GNSS analysis
• geodetic survey
• GNSS monitoring
• Record keeping
• availability of prediction SW
• GPS selective availability
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New design challenges from RNAV navigation PANS-OPS
DME/DME related topics (from ICAO, PANS OPS-Doc 8168, “Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations”, Volume II Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures, vol. 2, part III,
sec. I, ch. 3 ): it’s “not possible to know which DME facilities the airborne system will use for a position update, a check should be made to ensure the appropriate DME coverage is available throughout the proposed route …”.
1
1
N
iDMEcouples iN N=5 NDMEcouples=10
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DME/DME related topics (from ICAO, NAVIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE
ASSESSMENT IN SUPPORT OF PBN): “Appropriate tools should be used to assess navigation infrastructure. While the assessment could be conducted using manual analysis and flight inspection, the use of a software tool is recommended in order to make the assessment more efficient. The software tool should be tailored to allow evaluating the infrastructure in light of the requirements imposed by a specific navigation specification, such as RNAV-1. In general, RNAV assessment tools should include a 3D terrain model with sufficient resolution and accuracy to allow predicting the line of sight visibility of navaids along a procedure service volume, including an analysis of their respective subtended angles and a variety of other geometric constraints.”
New design challenges from RNAV navigation – PBN -
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Procedure validation related topics: ICAO, JAA, and Eurocontrol recognize that the Flyability check is part of the quality process related to an IFP design and publication:
• Aircraft maneuvering in context of safe operating practices for the category of aircraft
• Cockpit workload• Charting aspects• Navigation database aspects
New design challenges from RNAV navigation (cont.)
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Data integrity related topics: ICAO in Annex 15 requires the “Contracting States shall ensure that integrity of aeronautical data is maintained throughout the data process from survey/origin to the distribution to the next intended user. Aeronautical data integrity requirements shall be based upon the potential risk resulting from the corruption of data and upon the use to which the data item is put”
The following classification and data integrity levels apply:• routine: 1x10-3• essential: 1x10-5• critical: 1x10-8
New design challenges from RNAV navigation – Annex 15
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Instrument Flight Inspection data management related topics: (from FAA Order 8240.52 “Aeronautical Data
Management” ): the data must accurately reflect the references to be used in the performance of inspecting the systems supporting the National Airspace System (NAS). These data will be the references for certifying the quality of signal-in-space, and the instrument flight procedures
New design challenges from RNAV navigation (FAA .52)
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The IDS approach to the problem
• IDS has been involved by many years in the provision of system and services with qualified personnel
• IDS relies on advanced graphics and databases, integrating multiple data sources such as maps, photos, property records, survey and engineering data, inspections reports, traffic safety prescriptions, congestion statistics, documents, aeronautical charts.
• IDS solutions help the air transport industry to manage strategically and efficiently this information.
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OSED - MethodologyScenario Definition for Procedure Drafting
Aerodrome, Terrain, Obstacle
Scenario Definition for Procedure Drafting
Aerodrome, Terrain, Obstacle
Defining IFP Design Constraints due to environment.
OSED (Operational Scenario and Environment
Definition)
Geospatial Data, ATS Geography, Operational Data, Airport Constraints, Meteo
Defining IFP Design Constraints due to environment.
OSED (Operational Scenario and Environment
Definition)
Geospatial Data, ATS Geography, Operational Data, Airport Constraints, Meteo
Defining IFP Design Constraints due to Airborne Usability of Signals in Air (ICAO Annex 10)EMACS: Ground Based Navaids
EMACS TAMIA: potential EM interferences
EMACS ASUV: Signal Usability for GNSS and DME
Defining IFP Design Constraints due to Airborne Usability of Signals in Air (ICAO Annex 10)EMACS: Ground Based Navaids
EMACS TAMIA: potential EM interferences
EMACS ASUV: Signal Usability for GNSS and DME
FPDAM: drafting IFP for ground based and satellite based infrastructure
FPDAM: drafting IFP for ground based and satellite based infrastructure
ENCODER: IFP ARINC 424 encoding (path terminations and WP types)
ENCODER: IFP ARINC 424 encoding (path terminations and WP types)
VESAS: PBN/RNAV/RNP performance predictionPre-validation PhasePre-Flyability Validation
VESAS: PBN/RNAV/RNP performance predictionPre-validation PhasePre-Flyability Validation
AACS: Advanced Aircraft Cockpit SimulatorPre-flyability checksPilots familiarization with new procedures
AACS: Advanced Aircraft Cockpit SimulatorPre-flyability checksPilots familiarization with new procedures
FLIPP: Flight Inspection Planning and Post ProcessingPlanning MissionData Acquisition
Combined with VESAS comparison between prediction and measurements
FLIPP: Flight Inspection Planning and Post ProcessingPlanning MissionData Acquisition
Combined with VESAS comparison between prediction and measurements
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An operational workflow from monitoring ,design and analysis, to pre-validation checks
FPDAMFPDAMFlight Procedures DesignFlight Procedures DesignAirspace ManagementAirspace Management
EMACSEMACSVirtual Flight InspectionVirtual Flight Inspection
Area of benefits
FPDAMFPDAMProcedure - SSA DATA Already CODEDProcedure - SSA DATA Already CODED
VESAS VESAS Virtual FlightVirtual Flight
Flight SimulationFlight Simulation
VESAS VESAS Mission PlanningMission Planning
IAS IAS DATA MaintenanceDATA Maintenance
and Publishingand Publishing
AeroDBAeroDB
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Airport Survey, Terrain & Obstacle Data Management (eTOD)
• Terrain 3D Modelling (WGS84 reference Terrain 3D Modelling (WGS84 reference datum)datum)
• GIS based geodetic calculations and GIS based geodetic calculations and projectionsprojections
• Geo referencing Obstacles and ReliefGeo referencing Obstacles and Relief• Airport layoutAirport layout• Aerodrome ICAO type A & B ChartAerodrome ICAO type A & B Chart• Terrain & Obstacle Database ManagementTerrain & Obstacle Database Management e-e-
TODTOD..
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IDS Measurement Laboratory Services
Site Survey and Monitoring of GNSS Signals
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Measurement Laboratory ServicesGNSS Monitoring Station for Airports
Control PC
Spectrum Analyzer to monitor Interferences
Reference Oscillator
GPS Receivers /splitters
Dual Frequency GPS antenna
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IDS Signal simulator of L band signal as received from a simulated GNSS satellite constellation
Measurement Laboratory
Instrumentation for setting up GNSS monitoring stations
GNSS signal Simulator GPS Receiver
Antenna
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Procedure Design - FPDAM
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Procedure Coding
In order to build the flight profile and trajectory, the first element to be set is the Aircraft model;
Loading flight procedureAn existing flight procedure can be retrieved from:FPDAM DB, by clicking Tools→Load Flight Procedure→Encoder;local DB, by clicking Tools→Load Flight Procedure→Local;
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Radio Coverage characterization:
ASUV:Area/Airborne Signal Usability Verification DME/DME
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DME/DME Performance analysis:
ASUV:Area/Airborne Signal Usability Verification
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GASS: Ground Augmentation System Siting
VDL Radio coverage and Interference Margin Analysis
Worst Case Interference Margin
In Band Interference Margin
Out Band Interference Margin
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ASUV:Area/Airborne Signal Usability Verification
Critical zones analysis: GNSS Performance analysis:
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GASS: Ground Augmentation System Siting
Multipath analysis:
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Wide area multilateration
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Pre Flyability check with different evaluation view(simulation)
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Procedure Virtual Flying(cockpit Simulator)
135 of 30
Functionalities Flight tracks real time monitoring based on ADS-B data 2-D, 3-D protection areas display
ATS data management
RNP Tunnel-incident detection alarm
Reception and decoding of ADS-B 1090 ES report (according to EUROCONTROL, ASTERIX 021 ) and system track (according to EUROCONTROL, ASTERIX 062 )
Automatic flight data display (ICAO Target Address, Target ID, Vertical rate, geometric altitude, ground speed,……)
Landing MonitorReal time monitoring of RNAV GNSS approaches
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System Architecture and Landing Monitor
LAN
ADS-B Station1090 MHz ES
GBAS Reference and Monitoring
station
GNSS VDB
CWP Position Landing Monitor
PositionARO/MET
GNSS 1090
PSR/SSR Radar
FDPFlight
plan data
radar data
Gateway
GPS & GEO
Tracking & Data Fusion
GNSS VDB
Transponder 1090 ES
On-Board segment
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Safety/Quality proceduresSafety/Quality proceduresCurrently we are tuning ourapplications to fully comply with the workflow that integrates quality and safety procedures according to Eurocontrol SAfety Regulation Requirements (ESARRs) and Safety Assessment Methodology (SAM) following the ICAO PBN manual
Qu
alit
y P
roce
du
res
Saf
ety
Pro
ced
ure
s
RNAV Approach operation: Pre-operative phaseObstacle notification and survey
Maintenance of new obstacles & airspace changes database
Procedure design (initial & change) Code the procedure
Procedure validation (might include flight check)
Promulgation of procedure (new or changed), linked to AIRAC cycle
Flight crew training to LPV approach
Operational evaluation of the new procedure
Produce maps&charts, distribute them to aircrews before start of AIRAC cycle
Code current navigation database before start of AIRAC cycle
Load NAV database
ATCO training to LPV approach
Avionics equipment meeting AMC20-XX fitted
Obstacle assessment
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The IDS approach to the problem (cont.)
PLX
WEB
Excel
Web
Data Originators
WEB
c
c
eTOD
Survey Data
Obstacle & Aerodrome
Charts
Terrain Database
Obstacle Database &
Surveyed ATS Data
SurveyData
Manager
PlanningObstacleManager
Electronic Data
DataAdministration
&Maintenance
AISDatabase & Document Repository
AIP/eAIPAmds
ChartUpdates
Op. SystemsEADExt. UsersPLX
PLX PLXEncoders
Reference Aero
Data for Projects
Aero Projects Database
Interface to ATC
(Radar Maps)
Virtual Flight
Inspection
Flight Procedures
Airspace & Routes
Interface to Fast Time Simulation
Navaids Maintenance
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The IDS application framework
Encoderss
Aero Projects Databa
se
(Virtual) Flight
Inspection
Interf. to ATC(Radar
Maps&Tracks)
Flight Procedures
Airspace & Routes
Interface to Fast Time Simulation
Radar Tracks
CWPs Radar Maps
Ground Based C/N/S Systems E.M. Analysis
RNAV DME/DME
Systems E.M. Analysis
Satellite Based Nav. Systems E.M. Analysis
Flight Inspection Planning & Post-
Processing
NAVAIDS MAINTENANCE
DB
Flight Plans
Operat. ATS info
Cockpit Simulator
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Conclusions and Recommendations
• The increasing use of RNAV routes and approaches/departures increase the challenges of flight inspection teams and cost connected activities
• The international rules from ICAO, Eurocontrol, JAA and FAA are asking for increased level of integrity in aeronautical data due to the fact that aircraft flying strongly rely in the data loaded in the navigation DataBase.
• This paper has given a short overview of those requirements and has given some snapshots of the solution developed by IDS to meet the though requirements which are asked from the regulators to the air navigation service providers.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge ENAV (Italy’s Air Navigation Service Provider) for its support in the AIRNAS system development
And JCAB for the contribution on the DME/DME requirement
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