Download - The Successful Cross Country Part 2 (2010)
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Federal AviationAdministrationThe Successful
Cross-CountryPart 2
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The Successful Cross-Country
Part 2
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1. Operating at a Non-Towered Airport2. Using the Airport/Facility Directory (AFD )3. Utilizing AFSS, ARTCC, ASOS and ATIS4. Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)
Part 2 – Lessons
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This document has been prepared for training purposes only and sets
forth general principles and guidance concerning good
operating procedures for avoiding surface incidents and runway
incursions. It is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature.
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COU AFSS
Kansas City Center
IXD
OTM
Chicago CenterFOD AFSS
Destination: Ottumwa Airport (OTM)
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50 miles out, start building situational awareness about
Ottumwa airport.
@50 Miles or
@30 minutes out
Preparing for arrival at Ottumwa
What is situational awareness and how do I
build it?
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Building situational awareness - AFSS
Now I’m going to contact FOD FSS for an update on NOTAMS at OTM
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Are farmers working fields or are mowing
operations being conducted?
“Personnel and equipment working adjacent to all
surfaces”
FOD AFSS
Building situational awareness - AFSS
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Farmers and mowers working adjacent to runways are usually unaware of the potential hazards posed by
landing and departing aircraft. Additionally, pilots are often times unaware of their presence.
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Additionally, at non-towered airports be “heads up” for uncontrolled vehicular traffic.
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What is the geometry of new
taxiway to Runway 13/31?
“New Taxiway A parallel to Runway 13, 36 feet wide.”
Building situational awareness - AFSS
?
FOD AFSS
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What kind of signs, markings And lighting might I see at
A non-towered airport?
Building situational awareness
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“Winds 220 at 4 knots, Visibility 6
Statute Miles”.
I’m Going to Listen to ASOS
for Current Weather
Conditions
Building Situational Awareness - ASOS
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I wonder what other traffic is
inbound or outbound?
Building situational awareness - ARTCC
Contact Chicago center on 118.15
and ask for traffic advisories.
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Let’s review the AFD airport
diagram & remarks section
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Should I expect all operations from
Runway 31?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Is it right or left traffic ?
?
?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Intersecting runways…hmmm?
I better be “heads up for crossing traffic!
Building situational awareness - AFD
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What about head- on traffic?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Some aircraft may be operating with no radio
or not using CTAF?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Are runways used as
taxiways?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Within 5 miles of the
airport
Where do I expect their drop zone?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Do I expect them to be
radio equipped?
Building situational awareness - AFD
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Calm winds and crop dusters go hand in hand. It’s a business and they often land on the most convenient runway.
The AFD doesn’t mention crop dusters. Does that mean they don’t work from OTM?
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The AFD doesn’t mention student pilot, military or glider operations?
Expect the unexpected!
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During calm winds what caution must be exercised during
departure and arrival?
Building situational awareness - AFD
Awareness that simultaneous multiple runway traffic may be
possible and position and intention announcement on
CTAF is critical.
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Building situational awareness - CTAF
I’m switching to common traffic
advisory frequency (CTAF) on 123.0 and start LISTENING for
other arrival and departure traffic!
“Radar services terminated, frequency
change approved”.
Chicago Center
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CTAF and UNICOM – understanding the difference
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CTAF: used by all aircraft to facilitate cooperation/coordination in their use of the airport. These conversations are generally related to the actual takeoff and or landing of aircraft, but special activities close to the airport such as ballooning, gliding, parachuting or stunt flying will often be accomplished by announcements on this frequency.
Unicom: a communication facility which may provide airport information. Used to communicate with FBO!
FAA Handbook 7110.10p
Operational
Administrative
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Bonus question time!
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10 Miles
10 miles out, continue to build situational awareness. Select the runway and make your position and intention
report on CTAF 123.0
“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT 10 miles south at 3,000,
landing Runway 31 Ottumwa.”
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Hmmm.. That’s not what I expected
the new taxiway to look like!
Continue to monitor CTAF
“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT entering
downwind Runway 31, Ottumwa”
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Continue to listen on CTAF for other traffic
“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT final
Runway 31 full stop, Ottumwa”.
“Ottumwa traffic, N123Q is clear of
Runway 31, Ottumwa”
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Should I stopBefore crossing the intersecting
runway?
Am I approaching the boundary of the runway safety area?
“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT is clear of
Runway 31, Ottumwa”
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I need to stop and look both
ways for conflicting
traffic before crossing!
What marking defines the boundary of the runway safety area?
View from inside cockpit
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View from inside cockpit
Let’s see, I should be about right here with a left hand
turn into parking.
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Lineman in sight!
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“ There are no WX advisories across the route. Automated observations enroute reporting clear below 12 thousand. Forecast surface winds for OMA 19008.”
NOTAM’s –OMA ILS RWY 32L OTS
TFR – Avoid the airspace in the vicinity of power plants. No circling or loitering authorized.
FOD AFSS
Planning the departure from OTM
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Review OMA diagram:
•Complex layout
•24 hour towered airport..commercial ops
•Anticipated landing runway..based on forecast winds
•Locate general aviation parking
•Anticipated taxi route
Planning the departure from OTM
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Planning the departure from OTM
Also be alert to any cautions annotated on airport diagram
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Study OTM diagram again:
Determine departure runway
Study anticipated taxi route
Determine run-up area
Planning the departure from OTM
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With the winds 23005 KT, you
contemplate an intersection
departure from Runway 22.
23005 KT What questions should you first resolve to help
make this decision?
?X
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•Wind direction and speed
•Pressure altitude
•Outside air temperature
•Aircraft gross weight
•Runway available
•Runway surface
•Runway grade
•Environmental conditions
•Obstacle clearance
•Time on runway (back taxi)
23005 KT
X
Can you accurately determine the runway remaining from
this intersection?
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“Ottumwa traffic, N111AX downwind
Runway 31, Ottumwa”
?
Monitor CTAF to gain situational awareness
After engine start
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Look at airport diagram and
determine taxi route.
Looks like an easy taxi route to Runway 22
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Taxi
“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT, FBO, taxiing to
Runway 22, Ottumwa”.
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Runway Hold Marking
5
How many runway hold markings would you expect to see on this non-towered
airport and at what locations?
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As you approach the runway you
notice this sign array. What
does it mean?
It means you are located at the intersection of Taxiway C and Runway 4-22.
RED..Runway Ahead
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It also means that there will be a runway hold
marking painted across Taxiway C
abeam the sign array
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Ottumwa is a non-towered
airport. Do you have to stop at this location?
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You also notice a yellow
caution sign located next
to the runway hold sign
array.
What does This mean?
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It means you could possibly have restricted line of sight to
any or all of the other runway
approach ends.
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You’ve decided to use the entire length of the
runway for takeoff. Before entering the
runway for back taxi, what actions
should be performed?
Look both directions for conflicting traffic.
Determine position and intentions of other OTM traffic
Announce position and intentions on CTAF.
“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT back taxi
Runway 22 Ottumwa.”
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“Ottumwa traffic, N252KTdeparting runway 22 northwest, Ottumwa.”
Where’s that guyWho called base
A few minutes ago?
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Now, remember about line
Of sight restrictions and
potentialCrossing traffic
23005 KT
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Quincy Regional-Baldwin Field, November 19, 1996
Two aircraft collided at a runway intersection at a NON-TOWERED airport resulting in 14 fatalities
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Bonus question time!
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RED..Runway Ahead
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What did thatTFR say about power plants?
After initial call: “Chicago
center, N252KT 5 west Ottumwa, climbing VFR to 6500 for flight following to
Omaha.”
x
End of Part 2