THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 18/19
1848 election Dem-Gen. Lewis Cass Whigs-Taylor (Fillmore as VP) Free Soil—Van Buren
“free soil, free speech, free labor, free men”
KEY ISSUE--SLAVERY ABOLITION?
Compare slaves to wage earners Free Soil party
Missouri Compromise
Popular Sovereignty—
3 Great Leaders Clay—”Great Pacificator”
Calhoun-”Great Nullifier”
Webster—Pro-Union til the end
William Seward
NY Senator No concession on slavery “higher law than Constitution” Immorality of slavery New conscience of north
The problem of California 1849-gold rush Need a constitution & statehood Lawlessness abounds
Southern worries California? New Mexico & Utah? Loss of slaves from Underground RR.
North vs. South North Doesn’t want secession South Controls Presidency, Senate, Supr. Ct
Need a compromise Daniel Webster’s “Seventh of March Speech”
Compromise at all costs
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850 NORTH California—free Abolish slave trade in
Washington D.C. Disputed territory to
New Mexico
SOUTH Texas gets $10 mil
from Fed. Gov’t New Mex & Utah use
popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law
Get to go to the North to take back runaways
PRESIDENT TAYLOR Dislikes Compromise But, dies in office
Fillmore takes over Ok to Compromise of 1850 “Compromise Saves Union”
Results of Compromise:
Election of 1852
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
1852 ELECTION Pierce-Dem Pro-Slavery Northerner Scott-Whigs Pro-Fugitive Slave Law
Ends Whig Party
PIERCE AS PRESIDENT Expansionist
1-easy route to California—use Nicaragua William Walker Result: Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Brit.
2-Japan Commodore Perry 1854 treaty for trade rights
PIERCE CONTINUED 3-Gadsen purchase 1852
Southern-New Mexico & Arizona Near Gila River $10 mill to Mexico Needed for transcontinental rr
Cuba Ostend Manifesto
Cuba as the next slave state?
HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854
Use popular sovereignty Need territory organized to get
Transcontinental RR built Act-proposed by Stephen Douglass Senator from ILL Benefits ILL—Chicago is Eastern port for RR
Needs Southern voters to pass this Act Southerners want slavery here
Reaction to K-N Act Abolishes Missouri Compromise
Republican Party develops Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free Soilers Know-Nothings
Kansas Bleeds
“Bleeding Kansas”
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)
1856 Election
James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig/Know
Nothing
Election of 1856 Results
Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857
The Problems in Kansas 1857 1- 1855 Territorial legislature elected
1st-anti-slavery 2nd pro-slavery
Which territorial gov’t is the right one? NEED A COMPROMISE?? 2-Le Compton Constitution 1857
Vote for the Kansas Constitution with slavery or without slavery
If no slavery, Kansas slave owners can keep slaves in Kansas
President Buchanon—agree! Stephen Douglass-LeCompton is undemocratic
1857 Economic Panic Reasons
1-increased gold from Calif—inflation 2-increased speculation on land & RR 3-Crimean War in Europe—increases demand
for grain—increase Supply Decreased price
South—”Cotton is King”
Lincoln-Douglass Debates 1858 for Illinois Senate
A House divided against itself, cannot stand~Abe Lincoln
Freeport Doctrine~S. Douglass
John Brown @Harper’s Ferry
Election of 1860
Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen DouglasNorthernDemocrat
John BreckenridgeSouthern Democrat
Republican Platform No extension of slavery (free soilers) Protective Tariff (industrialists) Gov’t $ to build RR (NW) Internal improvements with Federal $ (W) Free homesteads for farmers No abridgement of rights for immigrants
Other 3 Candidates & their issues Douglass
Pro-Popular Sov & anti-Fugitive
Breckenridge Annex Cuba Pro-extension of slavery
Bell Compromise Union needs to stay together
1860 Election—A nation coming apart!
Election Results