Download - The Rise of Islam: 600-750
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THE RISE OF ISLAM: 600-750
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Middle East, ca. 600 A.D.
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Pre Islamic Arabia Caravan Culture
Tribal organization
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Violent, warrior states based on vendetta culture
ghazu (raids) on caravans
Patriarchal
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The Ka’aba in Mecca
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Cultural influences on Islam Persia
Administration and governance
literature India
Mathematics, science, medicine “Hindi” numbers
Greece Philosophy, esp. Aristotle Greek medicine
Rome and Byzantium Architecture
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Islamic Art and Architecture Found all over the
world Influenced from
other classical traditions
Expression of divine presence
Both secular and religious
Major practices: Metalwork Pottery Painting Calligraphy rugs
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Origins of Islam Beginning of His
Ministry Muhammad in Mecca The Hijra Umma: community of
believers
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The Quran Record of revelations
received during visions
Committed to writing c. 650 CE, compiled (Muhammad dies 632) Under the third Caliph,
Uthman ibn Affan Tradition of
Muhammad’s life: hadith
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Five Pillars Confession of faith Prayer 5 times a day Charity to the needy Fasting during themonth-long Ramadan Pilgrimage to Meccaat least once duringone’s lifetime
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Early Problems Succession
Mohammed had no surviving male children
generated a permanent split in the Islamic community Sunnis Shi’as
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Abu Bakr not particularly
popular with the Muslim community
Ruled 632-634 allowed raid, then
invasions of Byzantine and Persian territory
subjugated any dissident elements or tribes
disposed of any “new prophets”
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Ali Was cousin and
son-in-law of the Prophet
Ruled 656-661 Assassinated 661 Umayyad leader
Mu’awiya declates self caliph
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Umayyeds successful in the war Ali assassinated in 661
A.D. by the Kharijites
beginning of the Umayyed dynasty
Atlantic Ocean to India Syria: center of the
Islamic World eventually displaced by
the Abbasids an Arab family claiming
decent from Mohammed
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Dome of the Rock, Temple Mount Jerusalem
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Success = strain success introduced luxury and
change From original caliphs to the
Umayyad caliphs new ideas and new ethnic
groups with their own customs and
heritage, to try to assimilate rise of a sort of “revivalist
element” Islam had strayed from its
original path and purity Muslims were being led back
to paganism caliphs were becoming idle,
corrupt, tyrants
Photo on right: Ummayad Mosque in Damascus
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Policy toward Conquered Peoples
Favoritism of Arab military rulers causes discontent
Limited social mobility for non-Arab Muslims
Head tax (jizya) on non-Muslims
Umayyad luxurious living causes further decline in moral authority