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The right seed at the right time: challenges of sourcing native seed for restoration Samantha Fischer, B.Sc., M.N.R.M.
Resource Management Officer I
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The right seed? • Genetically diverse • Weed free • Locally adapted
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Local Seed • Adapted to local conditions
• Climate
• Soil
• Elevation
• Day length
• Conditions at Grasslands National Park (GNP) • Low precipitation levels
• Extreme seasonal fluctuations in temperature
• Elevations ranging from ~2450-3300 feet
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4 Seeding
Funding Confirmed Choose
Site
Purchase Seed
Collect Seed
Determine Seed Mix
Inventory Review
Contracting
Seed Search
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Project and Funding Time Scales Slippage (<1 year)
Project Funding (1-5 years)
Restoration Projects (10+Years)
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6 Seeding
Funding Confirmed ?
Purchase Seed
Collect Seed
?
Inventory Review
Contracting
Seed Search
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How does Grasslands National
Park meet this challenge?
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Diversify Seed Acquisition
Seed Acquisition
Collect Seed
Seed Grower Agreements
Nursery
Purchase on Open Market
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Seed collection at
Grasslands National Park • 1-6 collecting staff • 794 man hours • ~50% cleaning, 46% collecting, and 4% scouting • 46 species collected
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Seed Grower Agreements • Purpose is to propagate seed with GNP genetics • GNP provides seed for establishment • Initial seed investment returned once the field is
productive • GNP has first right of refusal for seed in the
future, and receives a discounted rate
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Native Forb Nursery • 6 16’*4’ raised beds • 11 species • Gravity driven watering system • Direct seeding and plugs are used for
planting
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Purchasing seed from
the open market
• Wild versus propagated seed • Seed source • Seed certificate • Generation • Price • Quantity
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Pros and cons of different
acquisition strategies Acquisition strategy $$ Time Quantity Species Diversity Genetic Diversity Pressure on wild populations Handling
Seed collection x x x√ √ √ x √
Seed grower agreements √ x√ √ x √ √ x√
Nursery √ x x x √ √ √
Open market purchasing √ √ √ x x√ √ x√
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Increasing Seed
Longevity
• Collection • Drying • Storage • Seeding
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Collection
• Timing collection
• Best handling practices
• Selective harvesting
• Capturing genetic diversity
• Keep good records
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Drying and
Cleaning
• Bagging in the field • Transport to base • Getting seed spread out
quickly • Dry before cleaning • Prioritize seed lots
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Storage
• Use hermetically sealed containers
• Forb and shrub seed lots stored frozen
• Grass lots and large forb/shrub lots stored at 4-7 0C and below 30% eRH
• Limit entry into cold storage room
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Seeding • Seeding plan
• Seed lot selection
• Germination and purity tests
• Allow frozen seed to reach room temperature
• Mix seed as close to seeding date as possible
• Timing
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Prioritizing seed acquisition
Rank Site
1Native prairie with no or limited invasive alien plant
species present.
2Native prairie with moderate invasive alien plant
species present.
3Current or historic agriculture site with high invasive
alien plant species abundance.
Rank Seed Type
1 Wild
2 Propogated seed known source and no trait selection
3 Ecovar
4 Cultivar (certified seed)
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Seed
Source GN
P W
est
Blo
ck
GN
P E
ast
Blo
ck
Ad
jace
nt
lan
ds
DM
G1
.1
MG
1.4
MG
1.1
MG
1.2
MG
1.3
MM
G1
.1
AP
1.1
FF1
.1
NF1
.1
NF1
.2
Rank 1 x x x
Rank 2 x x
Rank 3 x x
Rank 4 x x
Rank 5 x x x x
Local Ecoregion Ecozone
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Prioritize seed collection and use
• Tolerance for seed type and source varies by site type
Most preferred
Least preferred
1 2 3 4 5
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
Site
Type
Seed Type
Priority
Seed Source Priority
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?