Download - The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
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Sui-Tang-Song ChinaSui-Tang-Song China
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Chinese Regionalism
220-589 (Post Han-Sui)
A time of political division, economic turmoil, and social conflict.
Regional Kingdoms:
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Nomadic Invasions Endless wars amongst rival kingdoms Re-emergence of rule by aristocrats Decline of Bureaucracy Decline of Confucianism Rise of Buddhism Economic decline Great Wall divided Technological stagnation …it was bad.
“Era of Division” 220-589 C.E.
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Conquest and rule my non-Chinese peoples
(Barbarians) shocked the Chinese. Huns and Xiongnu eroded the frontier
defenses.
China’s turbulent 4th century
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Confucianism: stressed ideas and practices
that promoted social etiquette, family values, and political stability.
These ideas were criticized for their failure and their value during the regional era.
Regional monarchs began to “re-embrace” the value system, while scholars often condemned its shortcomings.
Confucianism in the Regional Era
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The Re-unification of China under the Sui
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Re-emergence of Empire: Sui Dynasty 589-618 C.E.
Founded by Yang Jian Valued Chin style
leadership with tight political control.
Used propaganda Conquered southern
China in a Naval War
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Harsh, codified laws Standardized everything Written test for office holders Beginnings of civil service exam Refusal to serve in areas of birth “eyes and ears of the ruler” Elaborate building projects such as the capital
Changan
Return to Chin ways
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Changan during the Sui
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Emperor Yangdi and the Grand Canal
Aka Yang Guang Great achievement:
the Grand Canal Purpose
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A short lived dynasty: 589-618 C.E Despite the overwhelming success of the state
economically as a result of the Grand Canal. Failed campaigns of conquest into Korea and
against Central Asian Turks Relentless taxes to support these campaigns
Fall of the Sui
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The Tang Dynasty
Founded by Li Yuan China’s Greatest
Dynasty? Golden Age?
“Qin-Han, Sui-Tang”
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Tang Taizong
Ambitious, Ruthless, arguably China’s greatest emperor.
Believed in a Confucian, Chin, yet benevolent state.’
Stable, peaceful, prosperous…
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1. Well articulated roads and communication
networks. (Canals) 2. Equal field distribution system of land
sharing 3. Reliance on a very highly skilled
bureaucracy governed by a civil service exam.
Reasons for Tang Success?
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Civil Service Exam
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Tang Conquest
Brought Manchuria, the Silla Kingdom of Korea, Vietnam, and as far west as the Aral Sea (Russia) under their control.
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Tang Decline
Incapable emperors Dynastic wars (Du Fu) An Lushan Rebellion Talas River Battle of
751 Loss of Silk Roads Transfer of Power to
Islam Buddhist Crisis of the
mid 9th Century.
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The Late Tang period saw individual armies
loyal to their warlords dominating Chinese life. Period between the Tang and Song Age saw a
return to regionalism. With non-Chinese peoples ruling North China.
907-960 China was dominated by Political Fragmentation and Rivalry.
Transition
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The Song Dynasty
Song contradiction Early political
stability: 960-1127 Effective
monarchs Civil Bureaucracy Founded by Zhao
Guangyin Drunken generals
story
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Military weakness Economic costs of Bureaucracy Taxation issues Peasant woes Rise of nomads-The Khitan, Jurchen, and the
Mongols
Song Shortcomings and Decline
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Song split
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1215: lost control to Jin Dynasty Reverted to control Southern China 1279 Southern Song crushed by Mongols.
Song Demise
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Neo-Confucianism
Wang Anshi: political and economic innovations Metaphysical (being) school of Zu Xi
Good v. Evil: Confucian study and Buddhist meditation can treat evil.
His work will be studied and admired for a millenium.
Tang/Song Culture
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“Champa” Rice: Porcelain Metallurgy Paper production “Flying Cash” Urbanization
Tang/Song Economics
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Geography? Comparison with Greece? Warrior Aristorcarcy Rigid society 5% of the population was slave Hundreds of early political units Clan based society governed by warrior
chieftans Early socieity: Yamato Clan Religious beliefs: Shinto-the Way of the Gods
Japanese Characteristics
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Early Buddhism
Deficits of Shinto faith Diffusion of things Chinese
Seventeen Article Constitution-Buddhist and Confucian document
Taika Reforms-attempt to recreate a Confucian style system in Japan (Exam, Bureaucracy)
Japan
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The earliest inhabitants of Japan were
nomadic peoples from northeast Asia Ruled by several dozen states by the middle
of the first millennium C.E. Inspired by the Tang example, one clan
claimed imperial authority over others Built a new capital (Nara) in 710 C.E.,
modeled on Chang'an Adopted Confucianism and Buddhism, but
maintained their Shinto rites
Nara Japan (710-794 C.E.)
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Heian Japan
Heian Japan (794-1185 C.E.) Moved to new capital, Heian
(modern Kyoto), in 794 Japanese emperors as ceremonial
figureheads and symbols of authority
Effective power in the hands of the Fujiwara family
Emperor did not rule, which explains the longevity of the imperial house
Chinese learning dominated Japanese education and political thought
Buddhism exploded during this time, despite a strong reaction against it.
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Feuds amongst the great
families Local ambitions and political
division War between the Taira and
Minamoto clans Rise of Samurai class Rise of Yorimotoa Minamoto as
Shogun (Kamakura Shogunate)
Heian Decline
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Japanese Cultural Achievements
Began to make their mark in literature.
Murasaki Shikibu-a female courtess during the Heian Age wrote the Tale of Genji.
A story of court life and personality of Japanese during the age.
First novel in human history
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The equal-field system began to fail Aristocratic clans accumulated most land Taira and Minamoto, the two most powerful
clans, engaged in wars Clan leader of Minamoto claimed title shogun,
military governor; ruled in Kamakura
Decline of Heian Japan