Download - The Restoration
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The Restoration1660-1800
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Also know as . . .
• The Age of Reason• The Enlightenment• The Neoclassical Age• The Augustan Age
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Called the Restoration because . . .
1642- ‐1651 - ‐ English Civil Wars
Charles I is beheaded
Oliver Cromwell takes
over and . . . abolishes monarchy institutes a republican
gov’t drafts a constitution outlaws common
practices
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In 1651
Charles, the son of Charles I, who has been in exile in Holland, returns to England and is RESTORED as King Charles II
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Vauxhall- Charles II garden
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The Great Fire of London 1666
13,200 houses
87 churches
Bridges, stores, prisons
8 million pounds in repairs
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Sir Francis Bacon (Renaissance) is a bridge to this era
• He began to use a slow, careful process of examining physical evidence (Reason).
• People started to ask “HOW?” Instead of “WHY?”
• Example- ‐Halley’s comet is discovered to return by Earth every 76 years (last time was 1986)
• People looked for explanations for natural phenomena
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Religion . . .
• Mainly Deism - ‐ God has created a perfectly working universe and does not need to interfere (clockmaker)
• Popular idea after Puritans lose power
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The Glorious Revolution
• 1688 James II (Charles II’s brother), a Catholic king whom no one trusted, fled to France
• His daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange (from Holland), take throne
• Both are Protestant - ‐ all future monarchs will be Protestant
• Called glorious because no one was killed
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Literature of the era
• Modern English Prose was stripped down, precise, plain, has short sentences and used very little figurative language
• The Age of Dryden • Very reason or science
like
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More literature
• Charles II reopens theaters and allows female performers
• Theater becomes a popular form of entertainment, esp. among the rich
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Even more literature
• Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope both used SATIRE to reveal immorality and shortcomings of the elite
• Daniel Defoe and Addison and Steele used JOURNALISM to defend the middle class (The Spectator and The Tattler)
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And even more literature
• Poetry was for public purposes
elegies
satire
odes
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And the last literature slide
• Novels - ‐ “new” long narratives
• Popular among women (time)
• Daniel Defoe - ‐ Moll Flanders
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• It all ends with Samuel Johnson who believed everyone could be good - this makes a good transition to the Romantic period