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THE REFORMATION
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CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION
Social: Humanism and the
Printing Press led to a questioning
of the Church.
Political: Monarchs challenged the
authority of the Church.
Economic: People hated paying
church taxes.
Religious: Some church leaders
were corrupt.
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CRITICISMS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
One issue was in
particular was the
selling of
indulgences. Which
were Church pardons
that people could
simply buy for
salvation.
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EARLY CALLS FOR REFORM
As early as the 1300s
many reformers denied that
the Church had a right to
earthly power.
It also began to be
discussed that the Bible,
not the Church, had
religious authority.
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LUTHER AND HIS 95 THESES
Martin Luther was a monk from
Germany who took a public stand
against the selling of indulgences.
Luther wrote a series of 95 statements
which he posted to the church in
Wittenberg, Germany which formally
stated his issues (Indulgences).
This started the Reformation.
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REFORMATION
A movement for
Religious reform
which led to the
founding of a series
of Christian churches
that did not accept
the Pope’s authority.
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LUTHER’S TEACHINGS
People could gain salvation
only through faith to God.
All Church teachings should
be based on the words of the
Bible.
All people of faith were
equal, no priests were needed.
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RESPONSE TO LUTHER
The Church issued a
decree threatening Luther
with excommunication.
The Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V called for Luther
to be put on trial and when
he refused declared him an
outlaw and heretic.
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LUTHERANS
Rather than seek to
reform the Catholic
Church anymore,
Luther decided to
establish his own
church in 1522 and
his followers became
known as Lutherans.
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PEASANT REVOLT AND CONFLICT
Some serfs began to
apply Luther’s ideas to
society and began
revolting in Germany
which horrified Luther.
The German States as
a result broke into civil
war with Charles V and
princes who supported
Luther
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PROTESTANT
The German Princes
who supported Luther
protested against his
excommunication and
became known as
Protestants.
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PEACE OF AUGSBURG
Although Charles V was
victorious, he could not
persuade all the princes
to convert back to the
Catholic Church.
Instead they signed an
agreement to allow each
prince to decide their
religion.
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ANNUL
Henry VIII of England was
desperate for a male heir and
wished to have his wedding
annulled (divorce) by the Pope
so he could marry another
woman.
When the Pope refused
Henry VIII decided to break
away from the Church.
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REFORMATION PARLIAMENT
This is the parliament
which Henry VII called
together for the purpose of
ending the Pope’s power in
England.
Although England officially
split, many English remained
loyal Catholics.
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CONSEQUENCES OF HENRY’S CHANGES
Henry in the end never was
able to have a male heir.
After his death, his power
was shared by multiple
children but eventually
Elizabeth took the throne and
continued to convert England
to Protestant.
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ANGLICAN
The Anglican
Church became
the official
Protestant Church
of England.
It was the only
legal church in
England.
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QUEEN ELIZABETH
Eventually brought peace
to England.
Embraced Renaissance
Ideas.
Decided England should
create and American Empire
to increase wealth.
Famously defeated the
Spanish Armada.
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VIDEO CLIPS
English Reformation: 2 Minutes
The Spanish Armada: 10 Minutes
Martin Luther: 3 Minutes
Martin Luther: 8 Minutes