Download - THE PRESTIGE FACTOR
THE PRESTIGE FACTOR
California Land CommissionPrevention First 2004
Dragos RautaINTERTANKO
. . . and the industry initiatives
The The International Association of Independent Tanker OwnersInternational Association of Independent Tanker Owners
INTERTANKOINTERTANKO
• 230 (+/-)230 (+/-) Members from 40 Members from 40 countriescountries
2,200 (+/-) tankers2,200 (+/-) tankers165 million dwt165 million dwt Average age: 11.8 yearsAverage age: 11.8 years
• 280 (+/-) 280 (+/-) Associate MembersAssociate Members
• 25 Staff / 8 Consultants25 Staff / 8 Consultants
Oslo
London
Washington
Singapore
Phase out sche me s SH tanke rs 5-29,999
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90
Phase out year
No
Phase out schemes SH tankers 30-60,000 dwt
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90**
Phas e out year
No
Phase out schemes SH tankers 60-79,999
0
10
20
30
40
50
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90**
Phas e out year
No
Phase out schemes SH tankers 80-119,999
0102030405060708090
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90
Phas e out year
No
Phase out schemes SH tankers120-199,999
0
10
20
30
40
50
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90**
Phas e out year
No
Phase out schemes SH tankers 200,000 dwt +
020406080
100120140
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90**
Phas e out year
No
As by existing fleet on June 1, 2004
Fleet by hullpercentage
622
6074
83
9478
4940
2617
49
0
20
40
60
80
100
1991 1997 End 02 End 03 End 05 End 10
SH* share (%)
DH share (%)
End 05, all tankers built 1982 and earlier goneEnd 10, all tankers built 1987 and earlier gonetrading beyond 2010 s ubject to adm inis trations
* Including DB and DS tankers
Tanker deliveries, demolition, phase out m dwt
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
MARPOL* 43.7
Demolition
Deliveries 79.2
Net change
EU phase-out 86.2 m dwt*subject to administrations
TANKER DESIGN- more sophisticated design - common rules for tanker construction- North Sea wave spectrum- higher strength criteria- designed for at least 25 years
Ship Construction- quality of construction- monitoring - scheme for construction survey
Source: Thenamaris Ship Management
Suezmax tanker during construction
Maintenance
- different routines all good but . . - common threads between them - guideliens to set:
- the standard procedures- frequency to be applied
INSPECTION
• Height to climb 7 miles• Area to survey 3.2m sq. ft• Length of weld 750 miles• Length longitudinals 36 miles• Bottom area 115,000 sq. ft• 1 % pitting = 85,000 pits
People
the distances and surface which ship surveyors had to cover for inspection are enormous
INSPECTION
ACCESSHorizontal passageways in place of
vertical ladders on transverse webs
VIEW OF TYPICAL UNDER DECK WALKWAY LOCATED 2 METERS BELOW MAIN DECK COMPRISING OF EXTENDED LONGITUDINAL
VLCC cargo tank walkway
Notice oversized longitudinals as access walkway for inspection and the walk way platforms around the web frames
Oversized longitudinals
Walk way
LONGITUDINAL STINGER ON CL BHD AT 5.8m BELOW DECK FOR TYPICAL SUEZMAX
ADDITIONAL STRINGERS MINIMIZING HEIGHT AND GIVING EXTRA STRENGTH
UNDER DECK LONGITUDINAL BALCONY (WALKWAY) IN CARGO & SIDE BALLAST TANKS
Walkway in ballast tank using oversized longitudinal fitted with railing
Source: Thenamaris Ship Management
There is no higher investment than on the people who take care of the ships to ensure proper operation and proper maintenance
MANNING AND OPERATION
Publications – Industry Guides
• Guide to bunkering of ships for the purposes of Annex VI to MARPOL
• A Guide for correct entries in the Oil Record Book
• A Guide to Crude Oil Washing and Cargo Heating Criteria• Tanker Specification Awareness Guide
• A Guide to the Vetting Process, 5th. Edition
• A Guide to Tanker Charters (2001)
• Tanker Bills of Lading - A Practical Guide
• Awareness Guide to Incident Management and Media Response
Membership Criteria :
• All tank vessels classed with IACS society
• Owner with reputable P&I club
• Effective ISM Code
• Good Port State Control record•All INTERTANKO members’ tankers shall have a audited Emergency Response Service in place for the determination of stability and strength in a damaged condition.(1 January 2004)
Port State Control – detentions by year of build
Tanker detentions 2003 by year of buildcompared to total tanker fleet
6%
12%
17%
31%
17%
7% 8%7% 8%
13%15%
11%
18%
27%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
<1970 1971-1975
1976-1980
1981-1985
1986-1990
1991-1995
1996-2003
tanker detentions
total fleet (1,000 dwt+)
Tanker incidents1978-03
0
200
400
600
800
1000
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Grounded
War
Misc
Hull&Machinery
Fire/Expl
Collision
Source: LMIS, Informa, press, INTERTANKO
Number
US oil spills from tankers – extremely reduced
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01
mill
ion
gal
lon
s
Port State Control – detentions
Port State Control detentions - 2003
156 150
1,760
179
1,574
20
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Tokyo MoU USCG Paris MoU
Num
ber
All ships
Tankers
Tanker industryTanker industryREALITYREALITY
• The marine transportation of crude oil, oil and chemical products is essential to our everyday lives
• Shipping is environmentally friendly
• Shipping is efficient and reliable
• The tanker industry does have a good record – is responsible and is committed to continuous improvement
US CIF oil price* - USD
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000 2001 2002 2003 Max 03
Freight Costs
Fob SpotDubai
*Costs of oil transported from the Persian Gulf to LOOP
cost consumer can barely perceive on top of price at the pump
Places of RefugePlaces of RefugeA Solution Waiting to be ImplementedA Solution Waiting to be Implemented
Erika II Package – December 2000Erika II Package – December 2000
Requires Each Member State to Draw up Requires Each Member State to Draw up Emergency Plans for Hosting Ships in Emergency Plans for Hosting Ships in Distress in Places of RefugeDistress in Places of Refuge
LIABILITY and CRIMINALISATION
Increasing liabilities of shipowners & others
Extended criminalisation
Penal Sanctions
led by politicians or by the public ?
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
• the value of learning from failures and accidents cannot be over-emphasised
• rigorous and comprehensive accident investigations
• in-service experience of structural, mechanical and human failures, and near-miss reporting in ship operations, should be the norm . . . . .
• without the assignment of blame, and in as free and open a manner as is possible
M/T LIMBURG
Ships must be built, maintained and manned for hurricanes that leave shore sites in ruins!
. . and the terrible dangers to which ships and seafareres are exposed.
. . . . pollution . . . . but from unseen sources.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that American households generate 193 million gallons of used oil annually, some of which is improperly disposed. The EPA estimates that households improperly dump the equivalent of 17 Exxon Valdez oil spills, every year!The California Office of Spill Prevention and Response Press Release, June 2003
• http://www.dfg.ca.gov/ospr/organizational/admin/news/2003news/june26-2003.pdf
Responsible parties working together......Responsible parties working together......
SHIPOWNER
SHIPYARDS
INSURERS
BANKS &INVESTORS
CARGO OWNER
CHARTERER
PORTS & TERMINALS
CLASSSOCIETIES
FLAG STATES
PARTNERSHIP:Working closely with regulators and legislators