Download - THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE
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THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE
Hunter-Gatherers to Agrarians
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Agriculture from Mexico???
Maize (corn)Beans
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Weeds or Healthy Treats?
SumpweedGoosefootSunflowerLittle BarleyErect knotweedMaygrass
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Was it better to be a nomad?
TallerHealthierNo DiseaseGreater Age
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HOW???
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Did Agriculture Spread?
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Or Develop Separately in Separate Places?
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“Undisputed” origins of Agriculture
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DOMESTICATION
Ancient peoples unintentionally provided the origin of modern plants
Natural Selection (the strong shall not survive)
Weak plants had difficulty survivingDesires for taste and size
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DOMESTICATION
THE BEGINNINGS OF CLONING
Propagation of Cuttings
Grafting
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Weeds or New Healthy Treats?
RyeOatsTurnipsBeetsLeeksLettuce
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“Famine Foods”
Or “second-line”resources
Food not usually consumed on “normal” or prosperous periods
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“Low-level Food Production”
A mixture of hunting and gathering and small-scale
agriculture
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NECESSITIES
Agriculture means that people must remain in the same place to tend crops
This means higher birth rates with less recovery times
Larger population necessitates greater amounts of food
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MAIZEArrived from Mexico about 200
ADNot part of the daily diet until
650 – 850 ADUsed for religious and
ceremonial purposesMississippian culture
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ALABAMA?!The oldest kernel of corn from the Eastern Woodlands was found near Lake Shelby in Southern Alabama
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OLD, or GOLD???Some maize kernels found have been
dated to over 4,000 years ago. In 1999, Archaeologists from
UCBerkeley and the University of NM found a corn kernel in Arizona that dates to 3,690 years old
New radio-carbon dating methods
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SOURCES• Gremillion, Kristen J, “Seed Processing and the Origins of
Food production in North America”, American Antiquity, v. 69, n. 2, 2004, pp. 215-233
• http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/lifeways/hg_ag/quiet_revolution.html
• http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC12/Gilman3.htm• http://www.primalseeds.org/agricult/htm• http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/99legacy/2-17
-1999.html
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