Download - The Nutrition function
THE NUTRITION
FUNCTION SEPTIEMBRE/OCTUBRE 2012
INDEX
1. What is nutrition?
2. Plant nutrition
3. ATP
4. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
5. Animal nutrition: breathing
6. Animal nutrition: circulation and excretion
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
NUTRITION
Obtaining nutrients Respiration
Distributing
substances Excretion
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
Get energy To make / repair their
structures
Autotrophic nutrition
Heterotrophic nutrition
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNOTpi7GOh4
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
OXYGEN
CO2
(Carbon dioxide)
H2O
(Water)
RESPIRATION
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
ALL
PARTS
OF ORGANISM
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
Waste products
1. What is nutrition? / Nutrition in cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7IN7HTWzLs
1. What is nutrition? / Nutrition in cells
Most of cells are not in contact with the environment
Organs or systems
W
h
a
t
i
s
n
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
1. What is ATP?
2. Draw a molecule of ATP.
3. Explain the chemistry of ATP.
4. What is the function of ATP?
2. Plant nutrition
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gLa5EWn9OI
P
H
O
T
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
FEEDING
Consists of ingesting food (animals, plants and
their derivates) which contain organic nutrients.
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
DIGESTION
Is the transformation of food into smaller components to
obtain the organic nutrients from it.
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
ANIMALS WITH NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Simplest animals
• They do not have a digestive system
• Eg: sponges
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Gastrovascular cavities
• Cnidarios and Platyhelminthes
3. Animal nutrition: obtaing nutrients
ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive tracts (2 opening: mouth and anus)
The simplest The most complex
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
DIGESTIVE TRACTS
THE SIMPLEST
They do not have
digestive glands
E.g. Annelids
Earthworm
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients
DIGESTIVE TRACTS
THE MOST COMPLEX
They have digestive glands → substances which break down the molecules of nutrients.
E.g. Molluscs, arthropods and vertebrates.
4. Animal nutrition: breathing
Animals (take oxygen)
WATER AIR
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)
ANIMAL THAT CAN TAKE OXYGEN DISSOLVED IN WATER DO
IT THROUGH EITHER THE BODY SURFACE OR THE GILLS
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)
BODY SURFACE
Animals (water/very wet) → have very soft srfaces
O2 → inside the bodies → cells
SPONGES CNIDARIA WORM
AMPHIBIANS
The body surface
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)
GILLS
Very soft skinned filaments → capillaries(O2 cells of the animal)
MOLLUSCS
FISH
CRUSTACEANS
AMPHIBIANS
Gills
GILLS
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)
ANIMALS THAT TAKE OXYGEN FROM THE AIR NEED INTERNAL
SURFACES WITH THIN WET WALLS, SUCH AS THE TRACEAE
OR THE LUNGS
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)
TRACHEAE
Traceae are very thin tubes that lead out of
the body through pores: spiracles.
E.g. Insects
Tracheae
TRACHEAE
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)
LUNGS
2 spongy organs.
They have alveoli or air capillaries (in birds) → the oxygen passes into the blood. Lead out of the body through the rest of the respiratory tract.
REPTILES AMPHIBIANS
BIRDS MAMMALS
Lungs
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion
CIRCULATION: TRANSPORTATION OF
SUBSTANCES
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion
SPONGES CNIDARIA
THEY DO NOT HAVE BODY PARTS SPECIALISED IN
TRANSPORTION
THEY INTERCHANGE SUBSTANCES DIRECTLY WITH THE
OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion
OTHER ANIMALS NEED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
CIRCULATING LIQUID
Interchanges substances
between the cells and the
exchanges surfaces
VESSELS AND A PUMP
Which moves the liquid
thanks to contraction an d
dilation movements
EXAMPLES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion
SPONGES CNIDARIA
THEY DO NOT HAVE SPECIALISED PARTS FOR EXCRETION
THEY ELIMINATE WASTE SUBSTANCES THROUGH THEIR BODY
SURFACE
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion
OTHER ANIMALS ELIMINATE WASTE SUBSTANCES
THROUGH EXCHANGE SURFACES
IN THE RESPIRATION
ORGANS
The CO2 from breathing is
expelled in these organs.
IN THE EXCRETORY
ORGANS
Collect the waste matter
from the fluids
Eliminate directly in the
environment
EXAMPLES OF EXCRETORY ORGANS