Download - The network rewrites the library
Programs and Research
The network rewrites the library
Lorcan Dempsey
Phineas L. Windsor Lectureship
GSLIS, UIUC
Feb 23 2007
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Photo: Robin Alston
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… a hive-like dome …
Louis MacNeice
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Private and social
Space and place
Collection and catalogue
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Some environmental factors
Workflow Attention
Gravitational hubs
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~18 months oldNo FaceBook, MySpaceLibrary?
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University of Minnesotahttp://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/KM%20JStor%20Presentation.pps
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Database > website > workflow
Prefabricated (e.g. CMS)
Self assembled digital identity
Netvibes, onfolio, my yahoo, myspace, RSS aggregator, …
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Workflow
Then Users built workflow around the library
Now The library must build its services around user
workflow
Get into the flowDisclose into other environments
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What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients.
Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.
Herbert Simon
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Attention
Then Resources scarce, attention abundant
Now Attention scarce, resources abundant
Competition for attention
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Then: vertically integrated around collection
Now: moving apart in network environment
Space Expertise
Collections
Systems and services
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Place Space infused with value How has the value
changed over time? Engagement with
resources?
Space Opportunity costs Valuable real estate Growing pressure in many
environments
New spaces
Place
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Exhibitions Access to scarce resources – people, equipment,
… Social and learning encounter
Place
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Collections
high low
low
high
stewardship
uni
que
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ssBooksJournals•Newspapers•Gov. docs•CD, DVD•Maps•Scores
Special collections•Rare books•Local/Historical newspapers•Local history materials•Archives & Manuscripts, theses & dissertations
Research and learning materials •ePrints/tech reports•Learning objects•Courseware•E-portfolios•Research data
Freely-accessible web resources•Open source software•Newsgroup archives
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Collections
Ingest into local collections•Print collections
•Storage, digitization, …•ERM•Knowledge bases
Focus of much digitallibrary activity.
New behaviors and support for research and learning
Digital ‘record’ more important(prospectus, course catalog, student records)
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Collections
Industrialized practices in upper left quadrant. Elsewhere expensive
More digital everywhere
Collection development:all quadrants?
Rebalancing system focus ERM/resolver/knowledge
base ILS/catalog Repository
Digital asset management Archival perspective
(provenance, versions, context, integrity, …)
Situational and relational (rights, …)
[Shift of expertise]
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Workflow Attention
The website is not the sole focus of a user’s attention
Get into the flow
Engagement
Examples The catalog: discovery
and disclosure Research and learning
support
Services &systems
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Chris Beckett http://www.scholinfo.com/presentations/2006/8/10/the-new-world-order-in-collection-development-the-commercial-perspective.html
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Discovery: focus on catalog with some related …
Local Discovery Environments Shared Discovery Environments Syndicated Discovery Environments Leveraged Discovery Environments
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Local Discovery environment
Some (not necessarily aligned) motivations Make data work harder Integrate access to locally managed resources Escape from ILS limitations
NCSU Rochester SOLR Worldcat 2.0 Primo Encore …
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Shared discovery environment
Increase impact Create gravitational pull Aggregate demand and supply
Reduce costs
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Some comments
Integration of discovery to delivery becoming essential
A move to shared environments seems more likely with increased ability to ‘view’ different levels
Increased gravitational pull: greater use of collections Growing evidence
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Syndicated discovery experience
Syndicate data or service or links
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Syndicating services
RSS Portlets APIs, Protocol-based
Projects Sakailibrary …
Not as rapid as one might expect?
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Some remarks
Syndication of data now common among data providers
Routing issue for non-unique materials Resolution services Worldcat and other union catalogs
Libraries exposing licensed content holdings interesting Google Scholar
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Service disclosure of growing importance APIs Web services Portlets HTML fragments – ‘search boxes’ Toolbars Widgets, extensions, …
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The Leveraged discovery experience
In some ways the most interesting Use another discovery service to connect back to
your resources Compare to the situation with article databases
and resolvers
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Some remarks
Some of these are toy-like now, but indicate a direction
Increased capacity to ‘sense’ structure (microformats) will improve ability.
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Focus more clearly moving from collection to supporting research, learning and personal development in a network environment?
Developing network services
Supporting research and learning environments (see Minnesota study)
Educational role in relation to scholarly communication, assessment of sources, …
Developing high value social spaces
Separation of information role from local collection?
Expertise
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Web scaleNetwork level
Space
Expertise
Collections
Systems and services
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Network environment
Small: everybody is a publisher Big: Gravitational hubs are characteristic of the
network environment
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Greg Papadopouloshttp://blogs.sun.com/Gregp/date/20061110
The world only needs five computers
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“Let's see, the Google grid is one. Microsoft's live.com is two. Yahoo!, Amazon.com, eBay, Salesforce.com are three, four, five and six. (Well, that's O(5) ;)) Of course there are many, many more service providers but they will almost all go the way of YouTube; they'll get eaten by one of the majors. And, I'm not placing any wagers that any of these six will be one of the Five Computers (nor that, per the above examples, they are all U.S. West Coast based --- I'll bet at least one, maybe the largest, will be the Great Computer of China).”
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Long tail information providers
Impact?
Systemwide efficiences
Aggregation of supply•Unified discovery•Low transaction costs
Aggregation of demand
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Libraries and the long tail dynamic
Aggregate supply?
1.7% of circulations are ILLs (60% of aggregate G5
collection owned by one library only)
Aggregate demand?
20% of collection accounted for 90% of use
(2 research libraries over ~4 years)
Each reader his/her book
Each book its reader
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The Library Long Tail(using holdings as measure of popularity)
Note: All statistics arepreliminary and subjectto change. Final reportforthcoming soon.
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Items ranked by system-wide popularity
“Head”
“Long Tail”
Head:Top 10% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings)account for 80% of total WorldCat holdings
Long Tail:Bottom 90% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings)account for 20% of total WorldCat holdings
Figure not drawn to scale;for illustration purposes only
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ILL and the Long Tail(FY 2005 OCLC ILL transactions)
Note: All statistics arepreliminary and subjectto change. Final reportforthcoming soon.
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Items ranked by system-wide popularity
~75% of ILL requests weredirected at the “Head”
~25% of ILL requests weredirected at the “Long Tail”
By comparison, Chris Anderson (The Long Tail, 2006) reports:
Amazon: ~ 25% of sales from the “long tail”Netflix: ~ 20% of sales from the “long tail”
* Question: are current ILL systems adequately supporting demand for the library long tail?
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Multilevel approach to …
Collections Shared offsite storage Aggregate and analyse
digital collections Institutional repository Digital storage and
preservation
Social and consumer environments Social networking
services: tagging, reviews, recommendations
Virtual reference
D2D Consolidated discovery Knowledge base Resolution - Service
routing – fulfilment
Business intelligence Synthesize and mobilize
shared usage data Recommendation,
management decisions Digitization and offsite
storage
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A new resource sharing …
Uncertainty The collective collection Service development
Concentrate expertise and share outputs
Share everything … a pattern for more efficiently allocating resources within bigger units
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Space Expertise
Collections
Systems and services
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Expertise
CollectionsSystems and services