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THE NATURE OF LIGHT
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LIGHT BEHAVIOR• Light behaves like a wave and like a particle.
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WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT
•Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space.• 7 different types:
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WAVE CHARACTERISTICS•Wavelength – distance between 2 crests or 2 troughs• Symbol: λ (lambda) Units: m, nm
• Frequency – number of waves that pass a point per second
• Symbol: ν (nu) Units: hertz (Hz), s-1
•Amplitude – wave’s height from origin to crest or trough
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WAVE CHARACTERISTICSLABEL: ORIGIN, CREST, TROUGH, WAVELENGTH AND AMPLITUDE
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WAVE TRAVEL• All electromagnetic waves, including visible light, travel
at the speed of light (c) in a vacuum.
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s
• Although the speed of all EM waves is the same, waves have different wavelengths and frequencies• Formula: c = λν
• Relationship:
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WAVE TRAVELIDENTIFY AND LABEL: LOW/HIGH FREQUENCY, LONG/SHORT
WAVELENGTH AND LOW/HIGH ENERGY
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WHITE LIGHT• When white light is passed
through a prism, it is separated into a spectrum
• 7 colors
• It is continuous because there is NO portion of it that does not correspond to a unique frequency and wavelength of light
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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
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PARTICLE NATURE OF LIGHT
• The Quantum Concept: When objects are heated, they can glow different colors at different temperatures. This is because they are emitting different frequencies of light
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MAX PLANCK (1900)• Concluded that matter can
gain or lose energy only in small, specific amounts called quanta• Proposed that the light
being emitted was quantized
• Quantum – minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
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MAX PLANCK (1900)
• Demonstrated mathematically that the energy of a quantum is related to the frequency of the emitted radiation by Planck’s constant (h)
h = 6.63 x 10-34 J/Hz• Formula: E = hν
• Relationship: