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The Nation’s Ocean Heritage in the
National Park SystemDavid Smith
Deputy Assistant SecretaryFish, Wildlife and Parks
U. S. Department of the Interior
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National Park Service Mission
“Promote and regulate the use of ...national parks… to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.”
U. S. Congress, 1916
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National Parks in the Ocean?
72 National Parks on the coast (ocean & Great Lakes)35 million acres of prime coastal habitats4,700 miles of shoreline40 parks include 3.2 million acres of oceanRecreational fishing is allowed in all but one park, commercial fishing is allowed only by statute or tribal treaties
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AcadiaAmerican SamoaBiscayneChannel IslandsDry TortugasEvergladesGlacier BayOlympicRedwoodVirgin Islands
Ocean National Parks
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Buck Island Reef
Cabrillo
Virgin Islands Coral Reef
Ocean National Monuments
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Assateague IslandCanaveralCape CodCape HatterasCape LookoutCumberland IslandGulf IslandsFire Island Padre IslandPoint Reyes
National Seashores
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Great Lakes Parks
Apostle Islands
Grand Portage
Indiana Dunes
Isle Royale
Pictured Rocks
Sleeping Bear Dunes
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Coastal Parks & Preserves
AniakchakBering Land BridgeCape KruesensternHaleakalaHawaii VolcanoesKatmaiKenai FjordsLake ClarkTimucuanWrangell-St. Elias
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Coastal Recreational AreasBoston Harbor Islands
Gateway
Golden Gate
Santa Monica Mountains
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Maritime History ParksCastillo de San MarcosDe Soto Ebey’s LandingFort PointKalaupapaKaloko-HonokohauPu’uhonua o HonaunauPuukohola HeiauSalt River Bay
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Maritime Memorials
American Memorial
U. S. S. Arizona
War in the Pacific
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One System-All Areas United
“…the National Park System, which began with the establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872, has grown to include superlative natural, historic, and recreation areas in every region…and it is the purpose of this Act to include all such areas in the System….”
General Authorities Act, 1970
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Ocean Park Visitation Increasing
0
20
40
60
80
100
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Vis
its x
100
0
Decades
Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida
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National Heritage
“…these areas, though distinct in character, are united through their interrelated purposes and resources into one national park system as cumulative expressions of a single national heritage;”
General Authorities Act, 1970
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Benefit & Inspiration of All the People
General Authorities Act, 1970
“…individually and collectively, these areas derive increased national dignity and recognition of their superb environmental quality through inclusion jointly with each other in one national park system preserved and managed for the benefit and inspiration of all the people….”
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National Park Service Stewardship Mission
Conserve the parksProvide for their enjoymentLeave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations
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Parks care for whole ecosystems—Including people… and maintain system integrity-
biological interactions
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Dry Tortugas National Park, FloridaLobster Reserve annually pumps millions of larval and juvenile lobsters into regional fisheries and ecosystems
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20% California Fishery Landings Come From 3% of State Waters in Channel
Islands National Park
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YEARS
Met
ric T
ons
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Joint State-Park Fishery Management PlanBiscayne National Park, Florida
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NPS Partners in Ocean Conservation
National Parks & Conservation AssociationNatural Resources Defense CouncilPackard FoundationThe Ocean Conservancy United Anglers World Wildlife Fund
American Fisheries SocietyAmerican Sportfishing AssociationAudubon SocietyEnvironmental DefenseNational FishermanNOAA