The Middle East in the Modern WorldThe Middle East in the Modern World
ZionismZionism andand
Palestinian Palestinian NationalismNationalism
1896
the "Jewish Question”the "Jewish Question”growing Anti-Semitism in Europe was pushing
the establishment of a Jewish State
ZionismZionism andand
Palestinian NationalismPalestinian Nationalism
1896
the "Jewish Question”the "Jewish Question”growing Anti-Semitism in Europe was pushing
the establishment of a Jewish State
Zionist Organization Zionist Organization "called for the establishment of a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public
law".
ZionismZionism andand
Palestinian NationalismPalestinian Nationalism
Ottoman Empire loses control of region after WWIUnited Nations MandateMandate system
Balfour DeclarationBalfour Declaration1917 - Supported creating a homeland for the Jews
Allowed Jews to migrate to region during the MandateArab Palestinians saw British rule
and Jewish settlement as Imperialism
ZionismZionism andand
Palestinian NationalismPalestinian Nationalism
The Founding of IsraelThe Founding of Israel
The Holocaust during WWII increase support for the founding of a Jewish homeland
Hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees move to region
1948 - 1948 - IsraelIsrael officially formed officially formed
Day after United Nations leave Israel is attacked by the Arabs
…Israel wins.
Six Day WarSix Day War – (1967)
Arab nations attack Israel…Israel wins
Israel takes land from Palestiniansas a buffer zone
Palestinian and Arab ResistancePalestinian and Arab Resistance
PLO - Palestine Liberation OrganizationYasser ArafatYasser Arafat
Dedicated to destruction of Israel, reclaiming the land, and creating an official
Palestinian state (country)
Because of past violence, Israel considers the PLO a terrorist group
Palestinian ResistancePalestinian Resistance
MUNICH OLYMPICSMUNICH OLYMPICShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7-WvfWXn7U
Because of past violence, Israel considers the PLO a terrorist group
Palestinian ResistancePalestinian Resistance
Yom Kippur War Yom Kippur War – (1973)Egypt and Syria attack Israeli controlled territories in the eve on Jewish Religious holiday
Israel gained the upper hand, however…– The Soviet Union threatened to help the PLO– The US supported Israel and put its military on alert
…Israel maintains control of land
Palestinian and Arab ResistancePalestinian and Arab Resistance
OPEC ReactionFurious that the United States had supported Israel,
Arab members of OPEC organized an oil embargo against the United States
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
UN votes on Palestinian StatehoodUN votes on Palestinian Statehood
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/11/29/israeli-official-downplays-palestinian-statehood-bid-ahead-un-vote/
IranIranand the Hostage Crisis
Shah PahlaviShah Pahlavi– Helped to power by U.S.– Build industries– Gave oil contracts to Foreign companies– Women were educated– Recognized Israel
•Secret police terrorized opponents– Sharia hardliners
IranIranand the Hostage Crisis
Iranian Revolution – 1979
Ayatollah Khomeini– Shah violated Islamic Law– Established Islamic Republic – Sharia Law– Secular courts– Women’s rights
9.11September 11, 2001September 11, 2001
•19 Arab terrorists hijacked four airliners
•Two crashed into the World Trade Towers
•One crashed into the Pentagon
•The last plane crashed into a field Pennsylvania when passengers attack the terrorist
– The plane was headed for the White House
9.11
September 11, 2001September 11, 2001
About 3,000 died Over 300 New York City firefighters and 40
police officers who ran into the buildings to help evacuate citizens
Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom
Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors
Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom
Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors
Many believed that Hussein was stockpilingWeapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
and he threatened to use them if attacked.
Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi FreedomSaddam Hussein defied UN weapons
inspectors
Many believed that Hussein was stockpiling
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and he threatened to use them if
attacked.
Oct 2002, the Democratic controlled Congress authorized Bush to use military
against Iraq
Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom
Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors
Many believed that Hussein was stockpilingWeapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
and he threatened to use them if attacked.
Oct 2002, the Democratic controlled Congress authorized Bush to use military against Iraq
The US launched Operation Iraqi Freedom In March 2003
Hunting for the TerroristsHunting for the Terrorists
Osama Bin Laden Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)(Saudi Arabia)organized the attacks
Bin Laden spent some time hiding in Afghanistanprotected by the Taliban Regime and linked to the al-Qaeda terrorist group
After the Taliban refused to hand Bin Laden over to the US, the US attacked Afghanistan
Hunting for the TerroristsHunting for the TerroristsOsama Bin Laden Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)(Saudi Arabia)
Bin Laden found in house about one mile from Pakistan Bin Laden found in house about one mile from Pakistan military base.military base.
United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group killed Bin Laden and several others in Development Group killed Bin Laden and several others in
night raid on night raid on May 2, 2011May 2, 2011
Impact on American Life Impact on American Life
• Life in America has changed forever
• Terrorist attacks are no longer seen as some distant issue, but in our own backyards
• Wave of anti-Muslim sentiments within the United States