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The Method of Historical Inquiry
Why Do We Study History?
How Do We Study History?
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Recall History is what we choose to remember about the past. Our common experience binds us together.
The Hall of Remembrance, USHMM
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InterpretationHistory involves explaining people and events.Historians read between the lines.History can illustrate ideas.Speculation means guessing about the past.
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Interpretation and Illustration
•What is happening in the image?
•Which side created the image? Why?
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ApplicationUse the past to understand the present.The past must engage in dialogue with the present.Use personal experiences to make sense of the past.Examine situations in the past.
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AnalysisHistory involves figuring out complicated situations.Break the event down into its parts: Which parts can you identify? Which battle was the turning point of the Civil War? Examine each part. How are the battles related?Try to create a time line of events: Which are causes? effects?
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Illustration: Analysis
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SynthesisHistory involves making sense out of a jumble of facts. You can search for patterns.You can speculate: Guessing at reasons for outcomes.You can predict: Could World War II have been avoided?You can make generalizations: broad statements that summarize.
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Synthesis: Creating A New Idea
Hiroshima, Japan after the A-bomb
Draw your own conclusions: Dropping the atomic bomb - justified or unjustified?
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Evaluation
History involves making judgments about people in events.Example: You can examine all sides of the Civil Rights issue.You can debate the pros and cons of integrating the schools.You can describe the strengths and weaknesses of the President's policy.
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EvaluationYou can examine the advantages and disadvantages of the strategy of non-violence.You can judge whether a person, policy, or event measured up to a high standard.Example: To what extent did Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. measure up to the standard of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Golden Rule?
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Why Study History?“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and never will be.” — Thomas Jefferson
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Why Study History?History shows us what it means to be human.History improves judgment.History provides instructive examples.History makes us better thinkers.History supports common cultural understanding and dialogue.History satisfies a need for identity.History gives pleasure.