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THE MEASURE OF MAN AND WOMAN HUMAN FACTORS IN DESIGN
REVISED EDITION
ALVIN R. TILLEY
HENRY DREYFUSS ASSOCIATES
With an Introduction by
Stephen B. Wilcox, Ph.D.
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
CONTENTS preface 1
Introduction 3
Human Factors: A Brief History 9
ANTHROPOMETRY 10
Measurement Systems 10
Sampling the Population 10
The Measurements 10
Percentiles 10
Human Variations 11
The Link System 28
Clothing Corrections 31
Work and Play Stations for Children 32
ILLUSTRATIONS
Frequency Distribution Curve 11
The Measure of Infants 12,13
The Measure of Toddlers 14
The Measure of Youths 15-21
The Measure of Man 22, 23
The Measure of Woman 24, 25
Proportional Differences Between
Ethnic Groups 26
Head Measurements of Man and Woman 27
Angle Movements of Body Components 29,30
Design Considerations for Children 32
THE ELDERLY 33
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Measure of the Elderly 34
DIFFERENTLY ABLED PEOPLE
ILLUSTRATIONS
Symbols of Accessibility
Reach Factors for the Differently Abled
Design Considerations for the
Differently Abled
Manual Controls for the Differently Abled
SEATING
The Dining Chair
A Universal Work Chair
Seating Variations
Seating at Computer Stations
For Men and Women
Classic Consoles for Men and Women
ILLUSTRATIONS
Seating Variations
Visual Characteristics
Computer Stations for Man
Computer Stations for Woman
Classic Consoles for Man and Woman
Standing Consoles for Man and Woman
RESIDENTIAL SPACE CONSIDERATIONS
Bedrooms
Dining Spaces
Kitchen and Bathroom Layouts
ILLUSTRATIONS
Measurements for Bedrooms
Measurements for Dining Areas
Measurements for Kitchens and Bathrooms
35
35 37
-41
43
44 44 44
44
44 46
45 47
48
49
50
51
•iO
50 50
50
53
54
55
MAINTENANCE ACCESS
The Whole Body
The Appendages
ILLUSTRATIONS
Maintenance Access (Whole Body)
Maintenance Access (The Appendages)
SAFETY AT WORK AND AT HOME
Factory
Office
Home
ILLUSTRATIONS
Stairs and Ladders
VEHICULAR ACCOMMODATION
Constant Factors in Vehicular Seating
Agricultural and Industrial Equipment
Forces for Hand and Foot Controls
ILLUSTRATIONS
Constant Factors in Vehicle Seating
The Strength of Man and Woman
Foot Measurements and Pedal Design
Anthropometry and Seating for
Agriculture and Industry
DISPLAYS
Circular Analog and Digital Displays
Circular Analog and Graphic Displays
Electronic Displays
ILLUSTRATIONS
Analog and Digital Displays
56 56 56
57 58
57 57 57 60
63,64
65 65 65 67
66 68 69
70,71
72 72 72 72
72,73
MANUAL CONTROLS
ILLUSTRATIONS Hand Measurements of Man and Woman Manual Controls Direction of Operation for Manual Controls
THE ENVIRONMENT Noise Mechanical Vibration Human vs. Machine Motion Temperatures Chemical Hazards Radiation Hazards Colors Lighting
APPENDIX Conversion Scales Abbreviations Anthropometric Terms Bibliography Index
ILLUSTRATIONS Anatomical Planes and Orientations