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The Legislative BranchTEST REVIEW
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ActivatorPick up a notecardTake out your pink Unit 3 Sheet.
Write down 3 questions/terms that you do not understand.
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Bicameral Legislature
2 HousesHouse of RepresentativesSenateGreat Compromise
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20th Amendment
Congressional Terms begin on January 3rd in odd numbered years
Used to begin in March
Ex. 114th Congress began on January 3rd 2015
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CensusPopulation countEvery 10 years since 1790
Next will be in 2020
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Reapportionment
Redistricting- state legislaturesBased on censusReapportionment Act of 1929
Limited House to 435 membersStates gain or lose based on population
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GerrymanderingPolitical party drawing voting district
boundaries to gain an advantage in electionsPacking- all opposing party in 1 districtCracking- dividing opposing party into other
districts
Baker v. Carr- federal courts decide conflicts over boundaries
Wesbury v. Sanders (GA)- one man , one vote rule (similar sized districts)
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27th AmendmentProhibits sitting Congress from giving itself a pay raise
As of 2009, Congressional salary is $174,000/year. More for leadership positions.
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CensureFormal disapproval of members
actions
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Incumbent
Person currently holding a political office
Historically, 90% win reelection
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Constituent
People represented by a politician
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House of Representatives435 members
Based on PopulationVirginia PlanComplex RulesCommittees do most of the workLeader- Speaker of the House, chosen by
caucusRules Committee- directs flow of legislation
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Majority Leader
Elected by majority partyParty official
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Minority Leader Elected by minority party
Party official
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Quorum
Minimum number of members who must be present to vote on legislation
House 218
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Senate 100 Members2 per state6 year termMore prestigiousMore flexible rulesVP- technically President- only votes to break
tiePresident Pro Tempore-usually most senior
member of majority party
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FilibusterUsed to prevent a voteStrom Thurmond- 24 hours & 18
minutesStopped by 60 votes for cloture
(3/5)Cloture- allows senator to speak for only 1 hour on a bill under debate
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Standing CommitteePermanent Committee
Agriculture, Appropriations, Armed Services, Budget, Education, Energy & Commerce, Financial Services, Government Reform, House Admin, International Relations, Judiciary, Resources, Rules, Science, Small Business, Veterans’ Affairs, Ways and Means
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Subcommittee
Specializes in specific topics of standing committees
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Select Committees
Temporary CommitteeMatters of public concernOverlooked problemsProblems of interest groups
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Joint CommitteesMembers from House and Senate
Do not propose legislation
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Conference Committee
Temporary committee to resolve differences between House and Senate version of bill
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Seniority System
Longest serving members of majority party tend to lead committees
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Necessary & Proper Clause
Article 1, Section 8Elastic ClauseImplied PowersStrict vs. Loose
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Expressed Powers
Taxes, borrow money, bankruptcy laws, coin money, punish counterfeiters, regulate foreign and interstate trade, declare war, raise and support army & navy, regulate National Guard, Punish acts on international waters, naturalization laws, post office, copyrights & patents, create lower courts, govern DC
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McCullough vs. MarylandBank of the US
Marshall CourtLoose ConstructionImplied Powers
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NaturalizationCongress sets rules for
becoming a US citizen
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25th Amendment1. VP becomes President if president dies, resigns or
is impeached
2. President appoints a new VP if office is vacant, Congress must approve
1. VP- Spiro Agnew resigns
2. Nixon appoints Ford
3. Nixon resigns
4. Ford appoints Nelson A. Rockefeller as VP
3. Replacing President with and w/o his/her consent
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ImpeachmentHouse calls for impeachment- formal
accusation of misconductIf impeached, Senate holds trial. 2/3 of
Senators must vote to remove. Chief Justice presides if President is being tried. Andrew Johnson- impeach, but acquitted by
one voteNixon- resigned before impeachmentClinton- impeached, but acquitted
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National Budget
OMBPresidentCongressPresident
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Private vs. Public Bills
Private bills- deal with individuals; often people’s claims against gov’t or immigration problems
Public bill- raising or lowering taxes, Obamacare etc.
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Pigeonholing
Committee lets bill die
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Hearing
Committee listens to testimony to gather information about a bill
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Mark UpAfter committee meetingChanges made to a billAfter mark up, bill must pass
committee with a majority vote
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Voice VoteOne of 3 ways to vote on a bill
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Veto
President rejects a bill2/3rds of Congress must vote to override veto
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Pocket VetoA pocket veto is when the
president does not sign a bill passed in the last 10 days of a Congressional session.
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Logrolling“You scratch my back, I’ll scratch
yours”Public works legislation
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Pork Barrel LegislationCongressmen and/or
representatives try to bring money to their own districts.
Pork barrel= federal moneyFat= federal project in district
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