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The Homefront
World War Two
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The Conscription Crisis, 1942
• Canadians could volunteer for military service • The National Resources Mobilization Act (NRMA)
– Gave the government powers to draft men into the military for short periods, and for service within Canada
• Volunteer rates varied in different regions of the country • Ontario’s volunteer rate was more than double that of
Quebec’s • Politicians argued that there was a need for soldiers on the
warfront • Prime Minister King promised numerous times that there
would be no overseas conscription and he did not want to break the promise that he had made to Canadians
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The Conscription Crisis, 1942• Plebiscite
– Reflects the views of Canadians on an issue, but the results the results do not have to be put into place by the government
– The results- the majority voted YES in all provinces except for Quebec
– King viewed this as a divided response and decided to avoid the issue
• 1944: shortage of trained soldiers – 15,000 soldiers were needed and there were
not enough volunteers to meet this demand • November 1944
– Beginning of conscription government conscripted NRMA soldiers to be sent overseas
– First conscripted soldiers left for Europe in December and reached the warfront in February 1945
– War was almost over – Only 2643 conscripts ever reached the
warfront
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Propaganda
• Materials designed to convince the public of their opinions/beliefs
• The Canadian government produced sources of propaganda (posters, films, radio advertisements)
• Designed to convince Canadians to contribute to the war effort, to express the threat of the enemy, and to increase pride among Canadians
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The Treatment of Japanese-Canadians• 1941
– 23,000 Japanese Canadians living in Canada
– 22,000 of those lived in British Columbia • Many of them lived in Japan and had later
come to Canada • More than half were Japanese descendents
who had been born in Canada • Japanese Canadians were looked at as
suspicious – Worried that they supported Japan, not
Canada • Many Japanese-Canadians served as soldiers
during WW1 – Were promised the right to vote in 1918
because of this – The outbreak of war led to this promise
been broken
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The Treatment of Japanese-Canadians
• The bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan led to increased discrimination towards Japanese-Canadians – They were worried that Canada would be
attacked from within
• “Relocation Centres”, 1942 – Japanese-Canadians in BC were invited to
move to an area called the Okananagan Valley where they would live in temporary camps
– 750 moved voluntarily
• Internment Camps – The government forced the rest of them to
leave their homes – Families were split up – Lived in central BC in wood cabins without
insulation or proper heating – Some chose to move to another province so
that they could remain with their family
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The Treatment of Japanese-Canadians
• January 1943 – The Custodian of Enemy Property (federal government official) was
given the power to confiscate the property of Japanese-Canadians • Sold at low prices, and the owners received little to noting
• 1945 (at the end of the war) – Japanese-Canadians had two (horrible) options
• Apply for repatriation to Japan, or permanently settle east of the Rocky Mountains
– 3964 repatriated to Japan, 1979 of whom had been born in Canada – Repatriation order cancelled in 1947
• 1988, the government apologizes for its actions – Paid $21,000 to each of the 1400 people still living who had been
affected by the Repatriation policy