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The Great WarThe Great War
World War I World War I
1914-19171914-1917
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Illusions
• Many people thought the war would be quick and easy (on both sides)
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Propaganda
• Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
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Two Front War
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The Western Front
• Schlieffen Plan• Stalemate• Trench Warfare
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The Eastern Front• Mobility• Russians successful early, but
then pushed out of Germany• Russians more successful in
Austria-Hungary• Italians left Triple Alliance
and joined the Triple Entente, now called the Allied Powers
• Germans went to help the Austrians and nearly knocked Russia out of the war
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Trench Warfare
• Trenches, artillery, no man’s land
• War of attrition• Verdun- 10 months,
700,000 dead over a few miles
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oabxoP_jVM
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War in the Air
• Spies• Attack ground targets,
especially communications
• Air control• Hand held pistols• Attached machine guns
• Zepplins
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Widening of the War
• Ottoman Empire joined Germany• Gallipoli• Italy attacked Austria• Lawrence of Arabia- Arab princes against the
Ottomans• British mobilized India, Australia, and New
Zealand to fight in the Middle East• Japan seized German colonies in the Pacific• Australia seized German New Guinea
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Entry of the United States
• US tried to remain neutral• German blockade• Lusitania- ended German submarine warfare• To break the deadlock, Germans resumed
submarine warfare• “not one American will land on the continent.”• US entered the war in 1917• Psychological boost, more troops, more money,
more weapons
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The Home Front
• Total war- a war involving a complete mobilization of resources and people• Affected the lives of all
citizens
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Increased Government Powers
• Draft• Wartime economy• Price, wage, rent controls• Rations• Trade regulations• Government takeover of transportation
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Manipulation of Public Opinion• “War Fatigue”• Authoritarian regimes (Germany,
Russia, Austria-Hungary) controlled the population with force
• British- Defense of the Realm Act (DORA)- protesters as traitors
• Censorship• More propaganda- exaggerated
stories
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Total War and Women
• Workforce• Temporary• Women’s movement