Download - The Golden Age and Greek Gifts
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THE GOLDEN AGE AND GREEK GIFTS
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Do Now Who was Pericles? Why was he
important to the development of Athens and its early democracy?
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The Golden Age After defeating the strong Persian army,
Greeks felt a great sense of pride.
Tribute from the Delian League allowed Athens to rebuild.
The Golden Age of Athens lasted from 479 B.C. to 431 B.C.
Architects designed new government buildings, schools, temples, and theaters.
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Pericles Directed architects and builders to
create beautiful structures
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Pericles His goal was to make Athens an example
to all of Greece, and to rebuild Athens as the model for respected political, economic, and social structures, as well as the center for art and learning.
Oversaw the building of the Parthenon, which honored the goddess Athena.
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Pericles Completed in 438 B.C., it took 9 years to
build and required more than 22,000 tons of white marble.
Today it is considered a classic example of balance and simplicity, and many modern buildings are based on it.
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Parthenon
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Supreme Court
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Acropolis
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Lincoln Memorial
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Lincoln Memorial (Continued)
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Greek Columns
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Pericles He also had the best architects and
artists that the Greek world had to offer. They designed new government buildings, schools, temples, and theaters.
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Pericles Statues of Greek gods and of people
decorated buildings. Murals, or wall paintings, showed lifelike scenes from Athens’ history and Greek myths.
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Discobolus: The Disc Thrower
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Pericles Sculpture
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Remember…
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Pericles Paintings on vases showed scenes from
Greek mythology and daily life.
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Pericles By carefully observing vases, we can see
how people dressed, how they wore their hair, and even what they ate.
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Literature and Theater Theater means “a place to see.” During
the Golden Age, Athens was known throughout Greece for its fine theaters and skilled playwrights.
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Literature and Theater a. It was an all-day outdoor event
b. There were men actors only – they played women’s roles as well
c. There were few actors – costumes were important
d. All actors wore masks to represent different characters and emotions
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Theater Masks
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Greek Theatre
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Activity Turn to pages 326 and 327 of your
textbook to look at a Greek Theater.
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Aesop’s Fables The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf The Hare and the Tortoise The Ant and the Grasshopper
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Atlas A book of maps is called an atlas. The
Greek god Atlas was said to carry on his shoulders the columns that separated the heavens and the earth.
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Achilles Achilles’ heel is sometimes used to
describe a person’s weak spot. It comes from the myth about Achilles, a Greek hero of the Trojan War.
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Hesiod Greek poet and author, wrote down the
myths and legends that had long been told in Greek mythology
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Hesoid In other poems, he described the
difficulties of everyday life in ancient Greece. His poems have provided modern historians with useful information about early Greek culture.
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Homer Greek poet and author of The Iliad and
The Odyssey. Much of what we know about the Mycenaeans comes from his stories.
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Sophocles Ancient Greek writer of tragedies, or
serious plays
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Sophocles In tragedies, the main characters come
to an unhappy end. In Sophocles’ tragedies, heroes always struggle to do the right thing. In one play, a young woman named Antigone faces a terrible choice. If she chooses to do the right thing, she will break an unfair law. The punishment for breaking the law is death. Antigone chooses to do the right thing and accept the consequences.
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Aristophanes Ancient Greek writer of comedies, or
humorous plays
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Aristophanes In his comedies, he used humor to make
serious statements about political and social life.
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Science, Mathematics, and History
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Pythagoras Greek philosopher and mathematician;
the inventor of geometry
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Pythagoras Believed that everything in the universe
could be explained by using numbers.
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Pythagoras Remembered for his theorem, or
formula, that expresses the relationship among the lengths of the sides of a right triangle; this is called the Pythagorean theorem.
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Pythagorean theorem
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Hippocrates Greek physician known as the Father of
Medicine
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Hippocrates Believed that illnesses had natural
causes.
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Hippocrates His name is associated with the
Hippocratic oath, a pledge of duties and responsibilities made by doctors to this day.
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Democritus Greek scientist and philosopher;
explained that all matter is made up of building blocks called atoms
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Democritus He believed people could understand
nature by learning about the movement of atoms.
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Herodotus One of the earliest geographers and
Greece’s first historian.
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Herodotus Wrote 9 books about the Persian Wars
that included not only facts but also differing views about the wars and their causes.
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Thucydides Greek teacher who is considered the
greatest historian of ancient times.
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Thucydides Wrote about the war between Sparta and
Athens from beginning to end. He wrote about the war from both sides,
and is therefore credited with creating a method in which historians write about historical events without including their personal opinions.
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Socrates Greek philosopher who taught by asking
questions.
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Socrates His teachings focused on morals, or
knowing right from wrong.
Asking students questions required them to think for themselves.
His way of teaching, called the Socratic method, is still a model for debating ideas.
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Socrates Let’s take a minute to review the
Socrates handout.
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Plato Greek philosopher, student of Socrates,
and teacher of Aristotle
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Plato He started a new school called the
Academy in Athens.
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Plato He taught philosophy, law, and science.
His writings on politics, justice, religion, and education are still read today.
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Aristotle Greek philosopher and tutor of
Alexander the Great. He is considered one of the greatest thinkers of all time.
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Aristotle He collected, organized, and classified
information, a method important to modern science.
He studied astronomy, law, and economics.
He was also a pioneer in zoology (the study of animals) and botany (the study of plants).
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Wrap Up Who was your favorite person of the
Golden Age of Athens? Why?