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The Future in Solar Panels
Dane Goodman&
Samuel Oyen
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Table of Contents
I. World Record Efficiency
II. Thermal Emitters
III. Calculations
IV. Energy Consumption Graph
V. Solar Landmass Graph
VI. Solar Collection in Germany
VII. Sources
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World Record Efficiency
44.7 % Efficiency
The Fraunhofer Institute (Berlin)
Uses concentrator photovoltaics
Confirms accelerating trends
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Fraunhofer’s Solar CellConstructed with wafer bonding technology
4 solar subcell structure
III-V semi-conductors
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Fraunhofer’s Solar Cell
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Thermal Emitters
Silicon semiconductors can only absorb infrared light
New research: thermophotovoltaic technology consisting of an absorber and nanostructured tungsten emitter
Allows utilization of the visible spectrum of light
Estimates indicate an increase of solar efficiency to as high as 80%
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• Tungsten emitter coated in a nanolayer of ceramic hafnium dioxide
• “Remains stable at temperatures as high as 2500 F”
Unprotected Tungsten (1200 oC)
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Global Solar Panel Requirements: Calculations
Assumptions660 ZJ/yr. useful solar energy available on Earth329 GJ/yr. energy consumption per personUN Population Division population estimates2012 maximum commercial collector efficiencyFraunhofer ISE 2013 world record efficiencyPotential efficiency with nano-material thermal
emittersCarnot limit for solar efficiency$7/watt installed cost of solar panels
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A Solar Planet
Year Global Population Global Energy Consumption (ZJ/yr.)
Collector Efficiency (%)
Energy Collected (ZJ/yr.)
Global Landmass Covered (%) Cost ($)
2011 6,997,998,760 2.302 15 99 2.325 2.197E+16
2011 6,997,998,760 2.302 27 178.2 1.292 3.955E+16
2014 7,220,953,101 2.376 15 99 2.400 2.197E+16
2014 7,220,953,101 2.376 27 178.2 1.333 3.955E+16
2014 7,220,953,101 2.376 44.7 295 0.805 6.548E+16
2030 8,424,937,474 2.772 15 99 2.800 2.197E+16
2030 8,424,937,474 2.772 44.7 295 0.940 6.548E+16
2030 8,424,937,474 2.772 80 528 0.525 1.172E+17
2030 8,424,937,474 2.772 86 567.6 0.488 4.844E+17
2050 9,550,944,891 3.142 15 99 3.174 2.197E+16
2050 9,550,944,891 3.142 44.7 295 1.065 6.548E+16
2050 9,550,944,891 3.142 80 528 0.595 1.172E+17
2050 9,550,944,891 3.142 86 567.6 0.554 4.844E+17
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Global Energy Consumption
2011 2014 2030 20500
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Year
Energy Consumed (ZJ/yr.)
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Solar Collection in Germany
400 MW per million people, number one in the world
130 gigawatts of PV power in world, 35 in Germany
7% of Germany’s electricity from solar power
Goal of 80% renewable energies by 2050
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Sources
CalculationsHubbert, Energy Resources, pg. 4 http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=85&t=1 http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_history3.aspx http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ http://sroeco.com/solar/most-efficient-solar-panels http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-and-media/press-releases/
presseinformationen-2013/world-record-solar-cell-with-44.7-efficiency http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/168811-new-nano-material-could-boost-
solar-panel-efficiency-as-high-as-80 http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/catching-energy-from-
the-sun/ http://solarpowerauthority.com/how-much-does-it-cost-to-install-solar-on-an-
average-us-house/
Otherhttp://cleantechnica.com/2013/10/19/vastly-improved-solar-cells-use-new-heat-
resistant-materials/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/11/business/energy-environment/solar-power-
begins-to-shine-as-environmental-benefits-pay-off.html?_r=0
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Thank You