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The following slides introduce the individual letters of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, with their IPA values, and some
internationalism that should be decipherable with the letters you have already been shown at that point.
Remember that the Cyrillic alphabet is primarily derived from the Greek, rather than Latin, alphabet. If you know the values
of individual Greek letters (e.g. that π is ‘Pi’), this will make the task of learning Cyrillic a lot easier.
Solutions for the individual tasks contained in this document are found on later pages.
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
(Almost) the same in Latin and Cyrillic: а, е, к, м, о, т
комета
атом
такт
какао
атака
Мекка
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
a ʲe k m o t
Same letter, different value:
в /v/, н /n/, р /r/, c /s/, у /u/, x /х/
контакт хор Торонто ватт
театр характер хакер текст
кекс номер карат евро
текстура маска тонна уран
вена торт метр тур
рококо ресторан хаос хунта
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
a v ʲe k m n o r s t u х
Completely new letters, but if you remember your math classes, you’ve got an advantage:
г /g/ (~gamma), и /i/ (~eta), д /d/ (~delta),
л /l/ (~lambda), п /p/ (~pi), ф /f/ (~phi)
Кока-Кола университет проект радио
Фанта лампа доллар телефон
вино митинг студент пигмент
водка факс пиано лилипут
ислам стерео Франкфурт моно
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
a v g d ʲe i k l m n o p r s t u f х
Completely new letters (consonants):
б /b/, ж /ʐ/, з /z/, й /j/, ц /t͡s/, ч /t͡ɕ/, ш /ʂ/, щ /ɕː/
зоопарк банк файл чай
банан хоккей центнер журналист
сайт бизнесмен почта конвейер
бомба жаргон шанс дарвинизм
чемпион идеал зебра матч
центр горизонт борщ кварц
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
a b v g d ʲe ʐ z i j k l m n o p r s t u f х t͡s tɕ͡ ʂ ɕː
Completely new letters (vowels):
ё /ʲo/, ы /ɨ/, э /е/, ю /ʲu/, я /ʲa/
актёр дебют Мюнхен Азия
поэт Австрия Чехия Горбачёв
пенсия Эстония эффект Ювентус
Германия меню Солженицын Япония
химия шлюз Гёте Цюрих
Бавария Югославия Хрущёв як
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
a b v g d ʲe ʲo ʐ z i j k l m n o p r s t u f х t͡s t͡ɕ ʂ ɕː ? ɨ ? е ʲu ʲa
“Softening” vowel signs indicate the palatalization of the preceding consonant – the value of the vowel itself is equivalent to that of the “hardening” counterpart! (except for и/ы.) In other positions the vowel sound is preceded by a /j/ when the “softening” variants are used. (except for и)
Note that Russian has more vowel symbols than vowel sounds:
“Hardening”: а /a/ э /e/ ы /ɨ/ о /o/ у /u/
“Softening”: я /ʲa/ (~ /ja/) е /ʲe/ (~ /je/) и /ʲi/ (~ /i/) ё /ʲo/ (~ /jo/) ю /ʲu/ (~ /ju/)
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#_ V_ C_
а /a/август
/avgust/‘August’
туалет/tualʲet/‘toilet’
лагерь/lagerʲ/‘camp’
я /ja/; /ʲa/
японец/japonʲet͡s/‘Japanese’
фаянс/fajans/‘faience’
табулятор/tabulʲator/‘tabulator’
э /e/электрон/elʲektron/‘electron’
поэт/poet/‘poet’
сэр/ser/‘sir’
е /je/; /ʲe/
евро/jevro/‘Euro’
проект/projekt/‘project’
текст/tʲekst/‘text’
ы /ɨ/ - -тактичный/taktʲit͡ɕnɨj/
‘tactical’
и /i/; /ʲi/индекс
/indʲeks/‘index’
украинец/ukrainʲet͡s/‘Ukrainian’
инстинкт/instʲinkt/‘instinct’
о /o/октябрь/oktʲabrʲ/‘October’
виртуоз/virtuoz/‘virtuoso’
талон/talon/
‘coupon’
ё /jo/; /ʲo/
ёршик/jorʂik/‘brush’
приём/prʲijom/
‘reception’
лётчик/lʲott͡ɕik/
‘pilot’
у /u/узбек
/uzbʲek/‘Uzbek’
клоун/kloun/‘clown’
турист/turʲist/‘tourist’
ю /ju/; /ʲu/
юрист/jurʲist/‘lawyer’
союз/sojuz/‘union’
шлюз/ʂlʲuz/‘sluice’
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The Russian alphabet
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а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
a b v g d ʲe ʲo ʐ z i j k l m n o p r s t u f х t͡s t͡ɕ ʂ ɕː ? ɨ ? е ʲu ʲa
Soft sign ь und hard sign ъ:
_# C_C _j _o
ъ - -адъютант/adjutant/
‘aide’-
ьфорель/forʲelʲ/‘trout’
фильтр/fʲilʲtr/‘filter’
коньяк/konʲjak/‘cognac’
павильон/pavʲilʲon/‘pavilion’
Example Transcription Translation
C + V катод /katod/ cathode
Cʲ + V актёр /aktʲor/ actor
C + /j/ + V адъектив /adjektʲiv/ adjective
Cʲ + /j/ + V компьютер /kompʲjuter/ computer
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Can you read the names on the following slides?
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Софи ШолльВальтер фон дер ФогельвейдеБэтменБоб МарлиДанте АлигьериГай Юлий ЦезарьБилл ГейтсАнтонио ВивальдиБарак ОбамаЭлизабет ТэйлорФранц БеккенбауэрМихаэль ШумахерТомас Алва ЭдисонЛюдвиг ван БетховенНаполеон БонапартНикола ТеслаДжеронимоДавид АлабаГрейс КеллиИндиана ДжонсШерлок ХолмсДжон Фицджеральд КеннедиЯкоб ГриммДжейн Остин
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Конрад АденауэрЛев ТолстойСаддам ХусейнЮрий ГагаринКарл МарксФредди МеркьюриДжузеппе ВердиИоганн ГутенбергМахатма ГандиМайкл ДжексонАрнольд ШварцнеггерИосиф СталинРихард ВагнерШарль де ГолльНельсон МанделаМата ХариЙорг ХайдерМухамед АлиЛучано ПавароттиБриджит БардоНикколо ПаганиниСтивен СпилбергХайди КлумМайкл Джордан
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Оскар УайльдМари КюриНикколо МакиавеллиВаско да ГамаВольфганг Амадей МоцартВинсент Ван ГогГомер СимпсонОливер КромвельДжон Рональд Руэл ТолкинМаргарет ТэтчерФидель КастроДжордж ВашингтонИнгрид БергманЛеди ГагаВилли БрандтПабло ПикассоАстрид ЛиндгренДжеймс УаттДарт ВейдерЧарли ЧаплинТом КрузПол МакКартниХью ГрантАлександр Флеминг
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Зигмунд ФрейдВладимир ПутинДэвид БекхэмМустафа Кемаль АтатюркОтто фон БисмаркРудольф НуреевСальвадор ДалиВин ДизельЭлвис ПреслиБорис БеккерКриштиану РоналдуВладимир ЛенинМэрилин МонроИсаак НьютонМуаммар КаддафиБрюс УиллисМихаил ГорбачёвЗинедин ЗиданМигель де СервантесХристофор КолумбЭмма УотсонИоганн Себастьян БахАлександр ДюмаГустав Эйфель
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Ангела МеркельГарри ПоттерКит РичардсШон КоннериФёдор ДостоевскийЛеонардо да ВинчиЧарлз ДарвинГрета ГарбоБоно ВоксТиль УленшпигельОсама Бен ЛаденАвраам ЛинкольнГенрих ГейнеБорис ЕльцинГерхард ШрёдерИоганн Вольфганг фон ГётеГалилео ГалилейФридрих ШиллерБритни СпирсМарлен ДитрихКарл ВалентинХайле СелассиеДжеймс БондАнтони Гауди
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Мартин ЛютерВильям ШекспирКинг КонгНейл АрмстронгРобин ГудЭдди МерфиВацлав ГавелДжордж ОруэллМакс ПланкАльфред НобельСуперменУинстон ЧерчилльЮлия ТимошенкоИммануил КантЖанна д’АркДж. К. РоулингАльберт ЭйнштейнЛуи ПастерМао ЦзэдунДжим КерриУолт ДиснейБилл КлинтонДональд ДакГельмут Коль
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Solutions (translations)
Note that the exact meaning of individual wordscan differ between Russian and English
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Slide 3
contact choir Toronto watt
theatre character hacker text
cake(s) number karat Euro
texture mask tonne Uranium
vein tart metre tour
rococo restaurant chaos junta
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Slide 4
Coca Cola university project radio
Fanta lamp dollar telephone
wine meeting student pigment
vodka fax piano lilliput
Islam stereo Frankfurt mono
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Slide 5
zoo (park) bank file tea (c.f. chai)
banana hockey centner journalist
site businessman post conveyor
bomb jargon chance darwinism
champion ideal zebra match
center horizon borscht quarz
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Slide 6
actor debut Munich Asia
poet Austria Czechia Gorbachev
pension Estonia effect Juventus
Germany menu Solzhenitsyn Japan
chemistry sluice Goethe Zurich
Bavaria Yugoslavia Khrushchev yak
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Sophie SchollWalther von der VogelweideBatmanBob MarleyDante AlighieriGaius Julius CaesarBill GatesAntonio VivaldiBarack ObamaElizabeth TaylorFranz BeckenbauerMichael SchumacherThomas Alva EdisonLudwig van BeethovenNapoleon BonaparteNikola TeslaGeronimoDavid AlabaGrace KellyIndiana JonesSherlock HolmesJohn Fitzgerald KennedyJacob GrimmJane Austen
Slide 12
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Konrad AdenauerLev TolstoySaddam HusseinYuriy GagarinKarl MarxFreddie MercuryGiuseppe VerdiJohannes GutenbergMahatma GandhiMichael JacksonArnold SchwarzeneggerJoseph StalinRichard WagnerCharles de GaulleNelson MandelaMata HariJörg HaiderMohamed AliLuciano PavarottiBrigitte BardotNiccolò PaganiniSteven SpielbergHeidi KlumMichael Jordan
Slide 13
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Oscar WildeMarie CurieNiccolo MachiavelliVasco da GamaWolfgang Amadeus MozartVincent van GoghHomer SimpsonOliver CromwellJohn Ronald Reuel TolkienMargaret ThatcherFidel CastroGeorge WashingtonIngrid BergmanLady GagaWilli BrandtPablo PicassoAstrid LindgrenJames WattDarth VaderCharlie ChaplinTom CruisePaul McCartneyHugh GrantAlexander Fleming
Slide 14
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Sigmund FreudVladimir PutinDavid BeckhamMustafa Kemal AtatürkOtto von BismarckRudolf NurejevSalvador DaliVin DieselElvis PresleyBoris BeckerCristiano RonaldoVladimir LeninMarilyn MonroeIsaac NewtonMuammar GaddafiBruce WillisMikhail GorbachevZinedine ZidaneMiguel de CervantesChristopher ColumbusEmma WatsonJohann Sebastian BachAlexandre DumasGustave Eiffel
Slide 15
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Angela MerkelHarry PotterKeith RichardsSean ConneryFyodor DostoyevskyLeonardo da VinciCharles DarwinGreta GarboBono VoxTill EulenspiegelOsama Bin LadenAbraham LincolnHeinrich HeineBoris JelzinGerhard SchröderJohann Wolfgang von GoetheGalileo GalileiFriedrich SchillerBritney SpearsMarlene DietrichKarl ValentinHaile SelassieJames BondAntoni Gaudí
Slide 16
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Martin LutherWilliam ShakespeareKing KongNeil ArmstrongRobin HoodEddie MurphyVáclav HavelGeorge OrwellMax PlanckAlfred NobelSupermanWinston ChurchillYulia TymoshenkoImmanuel KantJoan of ArcJ. K. RowlingAlbert EinsteinLouis PasteurMao ZedongJim CarreyWalt DisneyBill ClintonDonald DuckHelmut Kohl
Slide 17