Download - The eye
![Page 1: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Eye
BYDr. Abdulazim Ghoraba
DINA ABDEL-AZIM GHAZY GHORABALECTURER OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
![Page 2: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Structure of the Eye
External Structures1- The Orbit 2-The Muscles of the Eye 3-The Eyelids 4-The Conjunctiva 5-The Lacrimal Apparatus
![Page 3: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Internal Structures1- The Eyeball2-Sclera3-Choroid 4-Ciliary body5-Iris6-Retina7-The lens
![Page 4: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1- The Orbit Contains the eyeball. Cavity is lined with fatty tissue
that cushions the eyeball and has several openings (FORMINA) through which blood vessels and nerves pass.
2-The Muscles of the Eye: Six short muscles provide support
and rotary movement of the eyeball
![Page 5: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3-The Eyelids Protect the eyeballs from intense light, foreign particles, and impact
4-The Conjunctiva Acts as a protective covering for the
exposed surface of the eyeball5-The Lacrimal Apparatus Produces, stores, and removes tears
that cleanse and lubricate the eye.
![Page 6: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
It consists of :
1. The Lacrimal Gland 2. The Lacrimal Canaliculi3. The Lacrimal Sac4. The Nosolacrimal Duct
![Page 7: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
6- The Eyeball: Organ of vision
The Outer Layer1-ScleraThe outer layer known as the "white" of
the eye consists of the cornea, which bends light rays and helps to focus them on the surface of the retina
2- CorneaAnterior transparent Portion of the
eye’s fibrous Outer surface
![Page 9: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Middle Layer:1-Iris
Colored membrane attached to the ciliary body. It has a circular opening in its center, the pupil, and two
muscles that contract to regulate the amount of light admitted by the pupil
2-Choroid Pigmented vascular membrane that prevents internal
reflection of light 3-Ciliary body
Smooth muscle forming a part of the ciliary body that governs the convexity of the lens. The ciliary body secretes nutrient fluids that nourish the cornea, the
lens, and surrounding tissues
![Page 10: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Inner Layer
1-Retina Contains photo receptive cells that
translate light wava focused on its surface into nerve impulses
![Page 11: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7-The lens
Sharpens the focus of light on the
retina (accommodation)
![Page 12: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pathway of the light waves from the cornea of the eye to the cerebral cortex of the brain
![Page 14: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pathology Of The Eye 1- CataractAn Opacity of the crystalline lens or its
capsule Most often occurs in adult past middle age 2- Chalazion
A small hard Painless Cyst 3-Glucoma
A disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure which result in atrophy
of the optic nerve and blindness
![Page 15: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pathology Of The Eye 4- Macular Degeneration
![Page 16: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Vision Errors
![Page 18: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Astigmatism
![Page 19: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
HyperopiaHypermetropi
a
![Page 20: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Myopia
![Page 21: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Examination of the Eye
1- Ophthalmoscopy
![Page 23: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2- Snellen Eye Chart
Individual with Normal vision can read line 8 of a full- sized chart at 20 feet (6.10 m)
![Page 24: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Types of Eye Movements
YouTube - How Light Enters the Eye.url
![Page 25: The eye](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070603/554ec283b4c9053c4b8b4a6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
بنعمته الذي لله الحمدالصالحات تتم