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1Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Charles-Augustin de
Coulomb
CarlFriedrichGauss
MichaelFaraday
André-MarieAmpère James Clerk
Maxwell
Heinrich Hertz
Maxwell’s Equations
Courtesy of Andrew Aquila (AS&T, UC Berkeley)
The Equations of Light
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2Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
The time derivative of the current density,∂J/∂t, drives electromagnetic waves~
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3Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
The wave equation in vacuum, with a density n ofbound electrons of resonant frequency ωs
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4Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special cases: Propagation in vacuum, no electrons
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5Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special cases: Propagation with many electrons,but all free
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6Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special case: Propagation in a material of naatoms/unit volume, each with many bound electrons
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7Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special case: Propagation in a materialwith ω2 >> ωs
2, for x-rays and EUV
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8Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Quantum mechanical model of refractive index