![Page 1: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Epipelagic
• The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean.
– The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment.
• Depths only to about 200m• Corresponds to the depth of the euphotic
zone– Euphotic depth the depth below which where there is
no longer enough light for organisms to grow.
– Divided into coastal, or neritic waters that lie over the continental shelf, and oceanic waters.
![Page 2: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Net Tows
![Page 3: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plankton by Size
• Plankton: organisms that can’t swim against a current– Picoplankton (0.2 – 2 m) and Nanoplankton (2 –
20m)» Mostly bacteria and very small single celled algae
– Netplankton (>20m)» Includes the larger phytoplankton and all of the
zooplankton
![Page 4: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plankton by Size
![Page 5: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phytoplankton
– Responsible for >95% of the photosynthesis in the oceans and over ½ the primary production on earth
• Most important members are diatoms and dinoflagellates.
• Cyanobacteria are also important phytoplankton because they are able to fix nitrogen, ie. turn inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen that can be used by phytoplankton.
![Page 6: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Figure 15.03
![Page 7: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Epipelagic Food Web
![Page 9: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copepod
![Page 10: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure 15.07b
![Page 11: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Larvacean
![Page 12: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pteropod
![Page 13: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Figure 15.11b
![Page 14: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Figure 15.11c
![Page 15: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Figure 15.11d
![Page 16: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure 15.11e
![Page 17: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fish Larva
![Page 18: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Chaetognath (Arrow Worm)
![Page 19: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Comb Jelly
![Page 20: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Polychaete Worm
![Page 21: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copepod
![Page 22: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Figure 15.13b
![Page 23: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Crab Zoea
![Page 24: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fish Larva
![Page 25: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Figure 15.13e
![Page 26: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Snail and a Jelly
![Page 27: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nekton
![Page 28: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nekton
![Page 29: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Diel Vertical Migration
![Page 31: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Neuston
![Page 32: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nekton
![Page 33: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Staying Afloat
![Page 34: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Camouflage
![Page 35: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Epipelagic Food Web
![Page 36: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Global Productivity
![Page 38: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Figure 15.25b
![Page 39: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Figure 15.26
![Page 40: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Seasonal Productivity-Tropics
![Page 42: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Seasonal Productivity- Temperate
![Page 43: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Seasonal Productivity- Polar
![Page 44: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Wind-Driven Upwelling
![Page 45: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Global Upwelling
![Page 46: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: The Epipelagic The pelagic realm of the ocean describes the vast, open ocean. –The epipelagic realm is the upper part of this environment. Depths only](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d5c5503460f94a3b0b0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Figure 15.32