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THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH
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NOUNS
* are name persons, places, things, or ideas
Kinds:
(1) PROPER NOUNS
- begin with a capital letter
- they have a specific name or title and refer to aparticular person, place, thing, or idea.
(2) COMMON NOUNS- do not begin with capital letters because they areless specific
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(3) CONCRETE NOUNS
- can be touched
(4) ABSTRACT NOUNS
- cannot be touched
- nonetheless, still nouns because they
name entities
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PRONOUNS
* take the place of a noun
Kinds:
(1) Personal
I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, and them.
(2)Possessive pronouns are:
my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their,and theirs.
no apostrophes used with possessive personal pronouns
This includes "its." "Success is its own reward."It's" stands for the contraction that represents "It is." "It's"is never possessive.
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(3) INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
anybody, anyone, each, either, none, someone,somebody, both, everyone, no one, neither, many,
few, several, and one
Notice that some indefinite pronouns are singular,
some are plural, and some may be used as bothsingular and plural.
(4) INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
ask questions: who, whom, what, which, and whose
(5) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
this, that, these, and those
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ADJECTIVES
Modify noun and pronouns
WHAT KIND of noun is it?
WHICH noun is it?
HOW MANY of that noun are there?
"The," "a," and "an" are called articles.
Articles are always adjectives. They always modify
nouns.
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VERB
word that expresses action, makes a statement, or
shows a link between word relationships
can be action or linking
action verbs demonstrate "action."Linking verbs make statements OR they express
links and relationships
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am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, has been,have been, had been, will be, shall be, may be,would have been, should have been, can be,should be, would be (any combination that ENDS
with be or been.) seem, and become
Verbs of the senses: taste, feel, smell, sound,look, appear, grow, remain, and stay
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ADVERBS
Modify verbs, adjectives, and another adverb
Adverbs answer these questions:
WHERE? Here, there, away, up
WHEN? Now, then, later, soon, yesterday
HOW? Easily, quietly, slowly, quickly
HOW OFTEN? Never, always, often, seldom
TO WHAT EXTENT? Very, almost, too, so, really
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PREPOSITION
show relationships between nouns or
pronouns and other words in a sentence
Commonly used prepositions are: aboard,
about, above, across, after, against, along,among, around, at, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, between, beyond, by,
down, during, except, for, from, in, into,
like, of, off, on, over, past, since, through,
throughout, to, toward, under, underneath,
until, up, upon, with, within, and without
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TO plus NOUN = PREP PHRASE
To the gym
TO plus VERB = INFINITIVE PHRASE
To sleep
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CONJUNCTIONS
words that join words or groups of words
THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF CONJUCTIONS:
(1) coordinating conjunctions
(FANBOYS)
These conjunctions connect words,
phrases, and clauses of equal value ofequal importance
TYPES OF CLAUSES
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(2) subordinating conjunctions
introduce dependent clauses
although, because, as, while, until,whether, since, after, so that, when,
before, and if.
TYPES OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE
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INTERJECTION
exclamatory words that express
strong emotion
have no other grammaticalconnection with or relationship to the
rest of the sentence
may be followed by either commas or
exclamation points
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INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
A clause that could stand on its own
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
A clause that could not stand alone
as a single sentence
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
Composed of one independent
clause
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Composed of two independent
clauses
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COMPLEX SENTENCE
Composed of one independentclause and one or more dependentclauses
COMPOUND-COMPLEXSENTENCE
Composed of two independent
clauses and two or more dependentclauses
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EXERCISE:
Identify the part of speech of each underlined word.
When and Where did Fans First Originate?
(1)From (2)historians we learn that theChinese used fans as early as 3000 B.C. It(3)is also known that (4)the rulers of Egyptwere (5)efficiently cooled by (6)palm fans.Serving an important (7)function in early(8)religious ceremonies, fans (9)brushedflies (10)away from sacred vessels.
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By 700 A.D., the (11)Japanese invented(12)folding fans (13)and added bright
colors to (14)them; (15)however, it is thePortuguese (16)whom we can thank forintroducing fans to Europe (17)in the1500s. So popular were (18)they that
(19)many of the men (20)during the reignof Louis XV carried them. Artist of the1800s painted on fans, and the (21)worksof great masters grace the folds of somefans. (22)Alas fans are used (23)todayprimarily as (24)wallhangings, seldom aspart (25)ofour attire.
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PREPOSITION
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NOUN
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VERB (LINKING)
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ADJECTIVE (ARTICLE)
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ADVERB
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ADJECTIVE (NOUN MODIFIER)
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NOUN
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ADJECTIVE
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VERB (ACTION)
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ADVERB
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NOUN
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ADJECTIVE (NOUN MODIFIER)
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CONJUNCTION
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PRONOUN
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CONJUNCTION
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PRONOUN (RELATIVE)
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PREPOSITION
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PRONOUN
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PRONOUN (INDEFINITE)
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PREPOSITION
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NOUN
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INTERJECTION
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ADVERB
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NOUN
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PREPOSITION
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THE END