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The dance of Death: Maitre de Philippe de Gueldre, Un transi entrainant la femme du chevalier, extrait de La Danse macabre des femmes de Martial
d'Auvergne (1430-1508)
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The Dance of Death.Guyot Marchand, Danse macabre. 1485.
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William Shakespeare, The Chandos Portrait.National Portrait Gallery, London.
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Bakhtin’s notion of carnival (1941)Rabelais and His World: festive culturemedieval peasant culture, referred to alternately as
“the people,” “the folk,” “the second world,” “the unofficial world,” and “popular-festive culture,” defined against the “official world” of civil and religious authority.
World turned upside down: boy bishopsHierarchical reversals.Focus on “the material lower bodily stratum.” The grotesque and the carnivalesque express a
reversal of moral and logical expectations.
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Judith Butler’s “performative gender”:the unfixing of sexual identity
The notion of an original or primary gender identity is often parodied within the cultural practices of drag, cross-dressing, and the sexual stylization of butch-femme identities. …This perpetual displacement constitutes a fluidity of identities that suggests an openness to resignification and recontexualization: parodic proliferation deprives hegemonic culture and its critics of the claim to naturalized or essentialist gender identities. (Butler, Gender Trouble,137-8)
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Juan Luis Vives, The Education of a Christian Woman
“A woman’s only care is chastity; therefore whenthis has been thoroughly elucidated, she may be
considered to have received sufficient instruction.”
The two great qualities for married women are “chastity and great love for one’s husband.”
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Questions
• What is the function of disguise in Twelfth Night?
• What is the function of the comic characters? Sir Toby Belch, Sir Andrew Aguecheek – and Feste?
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References• She’s the Man: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4OhwrMidSU• Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and his World. Bloomington: Indiana UP,
1941. Print. [for carnival]• Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of
Identity. New York and London: Routledge, 1990. Print.• Davidson, Clifford, ed. Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge: A Middle English
Treatise on the Playing of Miracles. Washington, D. C.: UP of America, 1981. Print.
• Orgel, Stephen. Impersonations: The Performance of Gender in Shakespeare’s England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996. Print.
• Vives, Juan Luis. The Education of a Christian Woman: A Sixteenth-Century Manual. Ed. and trans. by Charles Fantazzi. Chicago: U of Chicago P,