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The Civil WarThe Onset of War 1861-62
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Call to Arms• Americans had to decide which
side to fight for. Many times pitting Brother against Brother and Father against son.
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Call to Arms
• President Lincoln ask for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion.
• Southern men are asked to join and defend the South.
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False Hopes• Both sides expect the war to only last a
few months.
• North and South believes one big victory will force the other to surrender.
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Civil War Episode 1 Honorable Men end of Episode
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First Battle of Bull Run• On July 21, 1861 the first major battle
takes place. 35,000 Union 32,500 Southern
• Only about 30 miles south of Washington D.C. the North and South finally meet.
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First Battle of Bull Run
• Spectators from Washington come out to watch the battle with picnic baskets and dressed in their best clothing.
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First Battle of Bull Run• Both armies are inexperienced and
unprepared.
• Soldiers for north and south are wearing blue uniforms causing mass confusion during the battle.
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First Battle of Bull Run• Early in the battle the Union forces
push the Rebels back.
• The Rebels rally behind General Thomas Jackson who earns the nickname “Stonewall” during the battle.
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First Battle of Bull Run• The Confederates rally and win the
battle forcing the Union soldiers into a full retreat to Washington.
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First Battle of Bull RunOUTCOME
• Southern Victory• Although casualties seemed horrifying at
the time. They were extremely small compared to later battles.
• The North was shocked and realized this would be a long war.
• The South gained optimism believing they could win.
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The Army of the Potomac
• The primary army of the Union
• Over 100,000 Soldiers
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The Army of the Potomac
• The commander of the Union forces was George B. McClellan, called “Little Mac” by his men.
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The Army of the Potomac• Throughout 1861, McClellan’s goal
was to capture Richmond in what was known as the “Peninsula Campaign”.
• McClellan’s constant fear to attack and outstanding leadership of Confederate commanders made the campaign a failure.
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Army of Northern Virginia
• Primary fighting force of the Confederacy
• Came under the command of Robert E. Lee in early 1862.
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Robert E. Lee Youtube video?
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The Western Theater• While the Union was suffering set
backs in the east, in the West they were having success.
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The Western Theater• February 1862-Ulysses S. Grant led
Union armies to victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Mississippi River.
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Battle of Shiloh• Grant now set his sites on the capturing
the Confederate railroad center of Corinth, Mississippi.
• March of 1862 Grant began to move his army towards Corinth.
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Battle of Shiloh• In early April 1862, Grant and his
army of 40,000 camped on the banks of the Tennessee River north of Corinth near a small church called Shiloh.
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Battle of Shiloh
• Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston decided to launch a surprise attack on the Union camp.
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Battle of Shiloh
• April 6-7, 1862
• Confederates 40,000, Union 51,000
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Battle of Shiloh• On the first day of battle the Union is
caught off guard and is forced to retreat to the banks of the Tennessee River.
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Battle of Shiloh• The worst fighting occurs at the “Hornets’
Nest” where Iowa and Illinois soldiers hold off the Rebels long enough for others to retreat.
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Battle of Shiloh• General Johnston tried to rally his troops
at the Hornet’s Nest
• He gets shot in the leg and bled to death.
• He is the highest ranking commander killed in battle on either side during the war.
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Battle of Shiloh• On the night of April 6th, Union
reinforcements arrive on the Tennessee River.
• Grant reorganizes and launches a counterattack the next day.
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Battle of Shiloh• The Union wins the battle.
• The battle results in over 23,000 casualties, soldiers killed or wounded.
• More casualties than all other American conflicts combined up until that point.
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Battle of Shiloh• Union forces are able to eventually
capture Corinth.
• The Confederacy lost an important leader and a key transportation point
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The Eastern Theatre• After assuming command of the Army of
Northern Virginia, Robert E. Lee leads the Confederate army to victory after victory in early 1862.
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The Eastern Theater• Meanwhile, General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson, kept three Union armies occupied with his small Confederate army of only 17,000
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Stonewall Jackson Civil War Episode 3 Forever Free
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New Confederate Strategy• With mid-term election approaching in
November of 1862, Robert E. Lee, riding a string of victories, saw an opportunity to win the war.
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New Confederate Strategy• Lee planned to invade the North for two
reasons:– Northern farmers were about to harvest crops
which he could take to feed his army
– He felt one big victory in the North would convince northerners to vote in new representatives that would no longer support the war.