The Civil War in Texas and
Beyond
1861
Confederate States of America is formed
• President – Jefferson Davis
• Capital – Richmond, Virginia
Jefferson Davis
Battle of Fort Sumter• Charleston, South Carolina
• 1st battle of the Civil War
• Confederate victory
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
1st Battle of Bull Run• Union troops tried to
capture Richmond. • Stopped by Confederates
and pushed all the way back to Washington, D.C.
• Showed that neither side was prepared for war.
Stonewall Jackson
Richmond
Washington D.C.
Battle of Glorietta Pass• Preventive strike against New Mexico
• Texas troops tried to capture Santa Fe to prevent future Union attacks.
• Led by Gen. Henry H. Sibley
Glorietta Pass, New Mexico
1862
Battle of Shiloh• Grant’s 1st step in trying to
capture Mississippi River
• Confederate Gen.Albert Sidney Johnston was killed in battle
• 24,000 casualties in 2 days.• Terry’s Texas Rangers were
part of this battle.
Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston
Shiloh, Tennessee
Forty Unionists hanged in Gainesville
• Some German Unionists were killed trying to leave Texas.
• Other Unionists were captured, arrested, and forced into the Confederate army.
Battle of New Orleans• Union Admiral Farragut took New
Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
Admiral David Farragut
New Orleans, La.
Battle of Antietam• Robert E. Lee
tried to invade Maryland.
• 23,000 killed in one day of fighting.
Antietam, MD
Union forces capture Galveston
• Largest Texas seaport
• Weak defense
• Captured easily by Union forces
Galveston, Texas
1863
Emancipation Proclamation• President Lincoln announced that
all slaves in the rebelling states were to be set free.
Battle of Galveston• Gen. John McGruder led
500 rebels across the railroad bridge from the mainland to Galveston
• Gunboats (cotton clads) sailed down Buffalo Bayou from Houston and attacked Union ships in Galveston Bay.
Fighting on Galveston docks
Battle of Sabine Pass
• Union troops planned to sail up Sabine River and capture Houston and Beaumont.
• Stopped by Houston bartender Dick Dowling and 47 troops.
Monument to Dick Dowling
Sabine Pass, Texas
Battle of Gettysburg (July 1 – 3) • Robert E. Lee tried to
invade Pennsylvania• 51,000 casualties in
3 day battle• Hood’s Texas Brigade
played an important role.
• Turning point of the Civil War
• Huge Confederate defeat.
Confederate dead at Gettysburg
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
What a spectacular sight! The spectacle of thousands of soldiers spread out for a mile in front of us filled us with such emotion. On one hand the sheer
beauty of a vast number of well trained men moving in ranks took on a quality of Olympic precision. But our delight was continuously interrupted by
the realization that this represented war and all the horror, death and destruction
that goes with it.
Battle of Vicksburg• Gen. Grant surrounded
Vicksburg, Mississippi for 6 weeks
• Vicksburg surrendered on July 4.
• The gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River. City of Vicksburg
during the Civil War
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Battle of Brownsville• U.S. tried to stop
Confederate trade with Mexico by capturing Brownsville and sailing up the Rio Grande.
• Stopped by Texas Colonel Santos Benavides Col. Santos Benavides
Brownsville, Texas
1864
Red River Campaign – Battle of Mansfield• 24,000 Union troops moved across
Louisiana, along the Red River.• Planned to attack East Texas and Houston• They were pushed
back at Mansfield, by a smaller Confederate army from Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas.
Mansfield, Louisiana
Battle of Atlanta• Atlanta was the South’s
main manufacturing city.• Terry’s Texas Rangers
were part of the Confederate Army defending Atlanta.
• Captured and burned by Union Gen. William T. Sherman.
Atlanta, Georgia
Sherman’s March to the Sea• Sherman’s troops marched 300
miles from Atlanta to Savannah.• Burned & destroyed everything in their
path. (“Total War”)
• Terry’s Texas Rangers conducted guerrilla style attacks against Sherman’s men
Sherman’s March
to the Sea
1865
Grant pursues Lee through Virginia
• Siege of Petersburg (south of Richmond)
• Union troops capture Richmond, Virginia
• Lee’s army retreats, hoping to meet up with Gen. Johnston’s army in the Carolinas
• Lee’s troops run out of food and ammunition
• Lee’s army is trapped near Appomattox, Virginia
Appomattox, Virginia
Grant sends note to Lee asking for his surrender
"General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A.:5 P.M., April 7th, 1865.The results of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States army known as the Army of Northern Virginia.U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General"
Appomattox Court HouseRobert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. Ulysses Grant in Virginia, ending
the Civil War.
Hood’s Texas Brigade was part of the Confederate Army that surrendered at Appomattox.
Battle of Palmito Ranch
• Last battle of the Civil War
• Texas Confederates stopped Union troops from invading the Texas mainland.
Assassination of Lincoln• President and Mrs. Lincoln
visited Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. to see a play.
• The President was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth.
John Wilkes Booth
Death Bed of Lincoln
Lincoln’s Funeral Procession
Gen. Gordon Granger arrives in Galveston• Union forces landed in
Galveston and announced that the war was over and the slaves were free.
• Juneteenth - Emanicipation Day Gen. Gordon Granger
Between 15,000 and 20,000 Texans served in Confederate armies in Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia
General Robert E. Lee called Hood’s Texas Brigade his “finest soldiers”.
Terry’s Texas Rangers fought in more battles than did any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War.
American Deaths in WarGulf War = 258Afghanistan = 1,803War of 1812 = 2,200Revolutionary War = 4,100Iraqi War = 4,800Spanish-American War = 5,400Mexican-American War = 13,700Korean War = 33,000Vietnam War = 55,000World War I = 115,000World War II = 318,000Total = 551,861
American Civil War
South = 308,000
North = 410,000
Total = 718,000
Difference = 166,139