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The Chemistry of Life
Atoms and ElementsChapter 6
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6. An atom is the smallest
particle of an element that
has the characteristics
of that element.
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7. Atoms are the basic building
blocks of all matter.
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8. The nucleus is the center of an atom. The nucleus contains protons (+) and neutrons (0).
The electron cloud is the area surrounding the nucleus and it contains electrons (-).
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• The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons the element has.• Atoms always contain the same
number of protons and electrons• Atomic # = protons = electrons• # neutrons = atomic mass – atomic #
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Everything is made of substances called elements.
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An element is a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler chemical
substances.
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Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen are the
four elements that make up
more than 96% of the mass of a
human body.
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Each element is identified by a one- or two-letter abbreviation called a symbol.
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5. List 5 elements.
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• Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
• Ex: Carbon normally has 6p, 6n, and 6e. This is C-12 (carbon 12).
• But carbon can also have 7 or 8 neutrons. Changing the neutrons changes the mass of the element but does not change the element.
These would be C-13 and C-14.
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