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The California Gold Rush
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January 24, 1848
• Discovery of gold nuggets in Sacramento Valley
• Population of non-natives 1848: 1,000• By 1849: 100,000• 1848-1852: $2 BILLION DOLLARS!
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Discovery at Sutter’s Mill
James Wilson Marshall
1. American River at the base of Sierra Nevada Mtns, San Fransisco
2. Coloma, CA
3. Found just days after Treaty of G-H was signed
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Journey by land
Journey spreads; by mid June ¾ of San Fran left to work in gold mines
Miners reach 4,000 by August
Polk spreads news of gold mine-starts “Gold Rush”
“ The accounts of abundance of gold are such an extraordinary character as would scarcely common belief were they not corroborated by the authentic reports of officers in the public service.”
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‘49er’s Arrive
Throughout 1849 travelers (men) sell their things and head to CA 49’ers
Travelled by land and by sea
Est. pop by end of the year: 100,000
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Techniques for retrieving gold
• At first a technique called panning was used to retrieve gold from streams and riverbeds.
• Hydraulic mining was later invented in California. This technique was created for larger scale gold mining
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Lasting ImpactGold Mining towns
pop up
Overcrowded mining-led way to lawlessness
Prostitution
Gambling
Banditry
Violence
Bustling Economy
Entered as the 31st State
Troubles?
Slavery-entered as Free
Compromise of 1850: Proposed by Clay; CA would enter as Free, Utah/NM could choose how they entered
Industrialization drove more and more miners from independence into wage labor
1852: 81 million pulled yearly
1857: leveled off at 47 million
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Gadsden Purchase 1853
• Last bit of territory gained to complete the US (minus Alaska, Hawaii)
• US pays Mexico $10 million dollars for strip (AZ/NM)
• James Gadsden; provided favorable route to CA by train
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn2FzuPyFlY
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