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The Benefits and Impacts of Roadway Access Management
2000 APA Upper Midwest 2000 APA Upper Midwest Regional Planning ConferenceRegional Planning Conference
Duluth, MinnesotaDuluth, MinnesotaAugust 2000August 2000
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Presentation Outline• What is access management?
– An example corridor• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for
managing access?• How does access management effect business vitality
and commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
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What Is Access Management?
• “Access Management is the process that provides access to land development while simultaneously preserving the flow of traffic on the surrounding road system in terms of safety, capacity, and speed”.
(Source: Federal Highway Administration)
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A Key Goal of Access Management
• Maintain the functional integrityfunctional integrity of the roadway system
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Functional Integrity
• Reserve high speed, high capacity roads for high speed, long-distance travel
• Maintain a “hierarchy” of roads• Balance traffic movement and access to adjacent
land by providing land access compatible with the roadway classification
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Functional Integrity
Access to Property
ThroughTraffic
Movement
Freeway
Arterial
Local
Collector
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Presentation Outline• What is access management?
– An example corridor• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for
managing access?• How does access management effect business vitality
and commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
![Page 8: The Benefits and Impacts of Roadway Access Management 2000 APA Upper Midwest Regional Planning Conference Duluth, Minnesota August 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062906/5a4d1b407f8b9ab0599a08d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Crashes Are Concentrated Along Arterial Corridors
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Crash Density Varies GreatlyWhy? Variations In Access
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Douglas Avenue: Well-Managed Portion
Urbandale, Iowa
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Douglas Avenue: Moderately Well-Managed Portion
Urbandale, Iowa
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Douglas Avenue: Poorly Managed Portion
Des Moines, Iowa
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Douglas Avenue: Poorly Managed Portion
Des Moines, Iowa
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Douglas Avenue: Poorly Managed Portion
Des Moines, Iowa
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Presentation Outline
• What is access management?– An example corridor
• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for
managing access?• How does access management effect business vitality and
commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
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What Are the MainBenefits of Managing Access?
• Improved safety – Reduction in crashes and crash rates
• Better traffic operations – Improved traffic LOS, capacity, and speed
• Other public benefits – For pedestrians, bicyclists, public transit riders, taxpayers,
and the environment• Potentially, a better environment in which to do
business and pursue economic development
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Safety: Driveway Density And Crash Rates Are Strongly Related
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Safety: Crash Rates Are Significantly Lower On Better Managed Roads
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Safety: Crash Rates Are Significantly Lower On Better Managed Roads
• Based on seven detailed “before and after” Iowa case studies
• Case studies show nearly a 40 percent average reduction in accident rates after access management projects were completed. 0
1234567
Accident Rate(per MVMT)
BeforeAfter
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Safety: Certain Types of Crashes Are Reduced Significantly When Access Is
Managed Better
0 50 100 150 200 250
Rear End
Left/Broadside
Right Angle
Other
Total
BeforeAfter
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Operations: Capacity Is Higher On Better Managed Roads
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Operations: Travel Speeds Are Higher On Well-Managed Roads
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Presentation Outline
• What is access management?– An example corridor
• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for managing
access?• How does access management effect business vitality and
commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
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How Access Is Managed
• The functional integrity of the roadway system can be maintained by:– Limiting conflict points– Separating conflict points– Removing turning traffic from through traffic
lanes
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Conflict Points at an Intersection
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Limiting Conflict Points: Medians
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Separating Conflict Points: Why?
• Drivers can only mentally process one conflict point at a time
• Separation provides enough time and space for drivers to react to the unexpected
• Conflict points represent opportunities for accidents, congestion, and delay
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Separating Conflict Points:Corner Clearance and
Driveway Spacing Standards
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Facilitating Turning Movements: Important Strategies and Design Features
• Increased turning radii • Increased driveway width
– (while still maintaining well-defined driveways)• Decreased driveway slope• Including dedicated turn lanes or tapers• Improved sight distance for turning traffic• Improved internal site design
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Facilitating Turning Movements
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Steeper Driveways = Slower Turns = More Conflict
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Common Access Management Treatments
• Driveway consolidation• Corner clearance• Raised medians• Raised medians at intersections• Two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTL)• Alternative access-ways
– Frontage roads– Backage roads– Internal circulation systems
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New Development With Excellent Internal Circulation Design
New Home Depot and Super Target Stores,Delaware Avenue, Ankeny Iowa
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Presentation Outline
• What is access management?– An example corridor
• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for managing access?• How does access management effect business vitality and
commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
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Access Management and Business Vitality
• Business owners often oppose access changes or restrictions (sometimes very aggressively)
• Overall impacts on businesses are neutral to positive when access is managed retroactively
• Iowa case study results show:– Similar business failure rates– Improved retail sales levels versus other locations in the community– Improved potential for redevelopment/new development– Some individual businesses will be negatively impacted
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Five Year ComparativeBusiness Survival Rates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ames Ankeny Clive Fairfield Spencer Statewide
CommunityCorridor
Note: Based on a five year period bracketing project completion. For corridors, business name changes or moves are counted as failures. First round projects only.
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Case Study Corridor Sales Tax Revenue Growth
Retail Trade Growth Trends, 1990s
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Ames
Ankeny
Clive
Fairfield
Spencer
Bettendorf
Coralville
Des Moines
West Des Moines
Average
Average, Without Clive
Case
Stu
dies
Index, 1990=100
Corridor Index Community Index
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Same Businesses Sales After Project Completion
Source: Opinion survey of business owners and managers.
Reported Sales Trend Post-Project
6%
45%20%
29%
Decrease Same Increase Uncertain/No response
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Businesses Reporting A Loss Of Sales After Project Completion
• Nine of 162 businesses surveyed (6%) reported sales losses; these were:– Two gasoline stations (both Des Moines--Median)– Two real estate offices (Ankeny--Median and Coralville--TWLTL) – A convenience store (Bettendorf--TWLTL)– A supermarket (Ankeny--Median)– A tanning salon (Clive--Median)– A music store (Coralville--TWLTL)– A fast food restaurant (Coralville--TWLTL)
• Five of these were “auto-oriented” businesses• Five of these involved medians while four involved two-way left-turn lanes
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Businesses Reporting Any Customer Complaints About Highway Access
After Project Completion
Businesses Reporting Customer Complaints
28%
72%
Complaints reported No complaints
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Businesses Reporting Customer Access Complaints, By Type
Customer Access Complaints By Business Type
28%
19%4%
6%
43%
Restaurant/fast foodAuto service/sales/gas stationHotel/motelInsurance/real estateOther business type
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SE 14th Street Army Post Road
Well-Managed Corridors May Prove More Attractive To Developers
(Two Adjacent Corridors in Des Moines, Iowa)
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Presentation Outline
• What is access management?– An example corridor
• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for
managing access?• How does access management effect business vitality and
commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
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Implementing Access Management
• In most states, roadway jurisdictions are legally responsible for managing access and providing access to properties
• State legislation usually spells out the regulatory powers of roadway jurisdictions
• Road agencies manage access through access rights purchases, project design, and driveway permitting
• Local governments also manage access via land use regulations, particularly when zoning is changed or land is subdivided
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Implementing Access Management
• Involvement of and cooperation among many parties is essential if access is to be managed successfully:– Road jurisdictions– Transportation planning agencies– Land use planning and regulatory organizations– Business owners – Land developers
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Presentation Outline
• What is access management?– An example corridor
• What are the benefits of managing access?• What are the main techniques and treatments for
managing access?• How does access management effect business vitality
and commercial development?• How can access management be implemented?• Conclusions
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Who Wins When Access Management Is Done Right?
• Motorists: safer, less congested roads• Taxpayers: less expensive roads• Most business persons and their customers:
improved business and commercial environment• Communities as a whole: environmental and
other benefits
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Contact:David J. Plazak
Center for Transportation Research and Education,ISU Research Park, Ames, IA 50010-8615
Telephone: (515) 294-8103Fax: (515) 294-0467E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/access
Research Sponsor: