Download - THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD
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THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD
449---1066
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Three Major Periods in English Literature
Old English--449-1066
Middle English--1066-1485
Modern English--1485+
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Pre-Anglo-Saxon England 2000 B. C. inhabited by
Iberians Iberians invaded by Celts 55 B. C. Julius Caesar
invaded 43 A. D. became a part of
the Roman Empire under Claudius
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By 300-400 A. D. Romans withdraw from Britain
449 A. D.--first Anglo-Saxon invasions
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STONEHENGE
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Hadrian’s Wall (Romans)
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Anglo-Saxon SocietyMajor tribes were the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
Social unit was the “clan”Each member bore responsibility for any wrongs inflicted or suffered by his kinsmen--duty to seek revenge
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wergyld--system of payment or restitution (peaceful settlement based on property or money)
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Anglo-Saxon society (cont.) Comitatus--feudal arrangement
whereby a youth would attach himself to a strong leader in exchange for economic and legal protection---also gold, horses, armor, etc.
Believed in a strong sense of fate, doom
wyrd--Anglo-Saxon term for fate mead hall--center of social life
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A MeadHall
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Anglo-SaxonBattleHelmet
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Anglo-Saxon Religion Were pagan when they came to
England St. Augustine sent by Pope Gregory
to England in 597 Landed at Canterbury, which became
the center of the English Church--remains so today
Did not try to immediately stamp out old pagan religion
Anglo-Saxons easily converted
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IMPORTANCE OF CHRISTIANITY
Had a civilizing effect on societyEncouraged scholarly learning--
monks could read and write--though mostly in Latin
Scholarly monks wrote down the literature, which had been communicated orally
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Page from theBeowulfManuscript
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The Danish (Viking) Invasions
Began near the end of the 8th century
Began periodic raids on the English coast
Ravaged Northhumbria and turned southward to Wessex
Stopped by Alfred the Great
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Danish Ship
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Why Alfred Was Great!!! Turned back Viking invaders, who were
threatening the complete overthrow of Anglo-Christian civilization
Promoted use of written Old English and commissioned writing of Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
Encouraged scholarly endeavor Began first public schools Instituted the royal navy
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Characteristics of Anglo-Saxons
Courageous Loyal Generous Hospitable
Highly moral Fond of
boasting and fighting
Valued treasure and worldly goods
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Anglo-Saxon Poetry
Anglo-Saxon poetry came from an oral tradition.
It was recited/sung by a scop, who provided entertainment in the mead hall.
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Features of Old English Poetry
Extensive use of alliteration Use of caesura Four-beat line Liberal use of kennings
(Kenning—a type of metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place, or thing.)
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Wine-hall of warriors gleaming with gold.
caesurakenning
alliteration
hemistich