The African Peace Facility (APF)
• Historical background and context• African Peace Facility 9th EDF• African Peace Facility 10th EDF• 1st and 2nd APF – comparative table• Further information
The African Peace Facility (APF)
• Historical background and context• African Peace Facility 9th EDF• African Peace Facility 10th EDF• 1st and 2nd APF – comparative table• Further information
1. Historical background and context
– Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002)
– New approach: non-indifference
– Development of the continental framework for peace and security
– AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation
– Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002)
– New approach: non-indifference
– Development of the continental framework for peace and security
– AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation
1. Historical background and context
– Origins of the APF
• AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003)
• EU response: APF operational in May 2004• Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement• Nexus security-development: “No development without security”
– Origins of the APF
• AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003)
• EU response: APF operational in May 2004• Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement• Nexus security-development: “No development without security”
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Objectives and scope
• Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda
• Scope- support to: – African-owned and led peace operations– Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations
• Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership• Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations
– Objectives and scope
• Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda
• Scope- support to: – African-owned and led peace operations– Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations
• Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership• Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Programming • Initial allocation- € 250 M :
– Peace support operations- € 200 M – Capacity Building – € 35 M– Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M
• Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150 M)
– Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th EDF
– By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M– Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line
– Programming • Initial allocation- € 250 M :
– Peace support operations- € 200 M – Capacity Building – € 35 M– Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M
• Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150 M)
– Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th EDF
– By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M– Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line
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Montant engagé cumulé M€
APF
Commitments APF (M€)
1st repl.€50m
2nd repl.€45m
3rd repl.€39.2m
4th repl.€55m440
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Main actions supported
• Peace Support operations:
– the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M– the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic
( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M– the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M – the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M +
€3,5M
• Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance
– Main actions supported
• Peace Support operations:
– the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M– the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic
( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M– the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M – the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M +
€3,5M
• Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance
Support
to
PSOs
MICOPAX
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF– Main actions supported
• Evolution of payments: 2004-2008: fund-consuming PSOs
– Main actions supported
• Evolution of payments: 2004-2008: fund-consuming PSOs
Financement des OMP par l'APFmontant total 400M€
79,17
149,17
229,17
305,60 305,60
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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
AMISOMCOMOROSFOMUCAMIS
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Cases
• Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX
• Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES
– Cases
• Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX
• Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Capacity Building support
• Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€6M),
• African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552), • Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU,
to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line),
• Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both sub-regional and continental levels (€20M).
– Capacity Building support
• Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€6M),
• African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552), • Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU,
to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line),
• Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both sub-regional and continental levels (€20M).
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Support to capacity building - examples • Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs.• 3 main CA committed under 9th FED• 2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC
protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS,….)• In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). • 2006,2007- 7.5 + 20 M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support
build-up of APSA.• Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS• Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF.• Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project
management unit (PMU).• Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%
– Support to capacity building - examples • Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs.• 3 main CA committed under 9th FED• 2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC
protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS,….)• In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). • 2006,2007- 7.5 + 20 M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support
build-up of APSA.• Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS• Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF.• Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project
management unit (PMU).• Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Implementation/delivery
• APF managed by HQ• Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies• TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice• Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial /
administrative matters
– Implementation/delivery
• APF managed by HQ• Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies• TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice• Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial /
administrative matters
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
– Additional Voluntary Contributions
• Background : AMIS – APF depleted• EC organised call for additional contributions• 8 Member States responded. In total 39M € • Managed by EC. EDF procedures. • Permanent feature under 10’EDF
– Additional Voluntary Contributions
• Background : AMIS – APF depleted• EC organised call for additional contributions• 8 Member States responded. In total 39M € • Managed by EC. EDF procedures. • Permanent feature under 10’EDF
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF– New context
• Africa-EU joint strategy
– Principles– A jointly developed & shared long-term vision– A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor –
beneficiary relation– Political dialogue
» on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) » on key issues for development (eg. governance)» seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change)» promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership
– The Strategy goes beyond:– development cooperation (eg. sciences)– institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector)– Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN)– Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach)– EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour
– New context
• Africa-EU joint strategy
– Principles– A jointly developed & shared long-term vision– A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor –
beneficiary relation– Political dialogue
» on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) » on key issues for development (eg. governance)» seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change)» promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership
– The Strategy goes beyond:– development cooperation (eg. sciences)– institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector)– Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN)– Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach)– EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour
How does it relate to Cotonou? Institutional framework
Treaty
EC/Cotonou/ENP – ESDP – others EU/3rd pilar
Multiannual programming
Policy coherence for development
European Consensus
PoliticalDialogue
Africa-EU Strategic Partnership
Thematic Africa-EU partnerships
1. Peace & Security
2. Democratic Governance and Human Rights
3. Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure
4. MDGs
5. Energy
6. Climate Change
7. Migration, Mobility & Employment
8. Science, Information Society & Space
1. Peace & Security
2. Democratic Governance and Human Rights
3. Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure
4. MDGs
5. Energy
6. Climate Change
7. Migration, Mobility & Employment
8. Science, Information Society & Space
Summit
Ministerial Troika(s)
(MFA + ad hoc sectoral)
Senior Officials
(EU-Troika + AU extended Troika)
Joint Experts Groups (JEGs)
AUC,
AU MS, RECs
Joint report
Annual progress review
Political guidance
Political dialogue, review, monitoring
Expertise
Institutional architecture with multiple actors
every 3 years
2 x / year
8 JEGs, 1 per Partnership
EU impl.team(EC,GSC,MS)
Civil Society,
Int’l. partners
8 EU ITs, 1 per
Partnership
EESC-ECOSOCC
AU-EU civil society
EP-PAP
Inputs
(implementation engine & coordination body)
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– New context
• Partnership on peace and security
– Objectives:» Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security» Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA)» Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations
– The African Peace Facility 10th EDF (2008-2010) € 300M – major deliverable of the Partnership
– New context
• Partnership on peace and security
– Objectives:» Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security» Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA)» Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations
– The African Peace Facility 10th EDF (2008-2010) € 300M – major deliverable of the Partnership
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– New context
• Further development of APSA– Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional
levels:» AU Peace and Security Council,» the Panel of the Wise, » the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) » the African Standby Force (ASF)
– Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA
– New context
• Further development of APSA– Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional
levels:» AU Peace and Security Council,» the Panel of the Wise, » the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) » the African Standby Force (ASF)
– Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Preparation of the APF 10th EDF
• In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs
• Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations– Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007– Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008– Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December
2008
• Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security
– Preparation of the APF 10th EDF
• In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs
• Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations– Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007– Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008– Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December
2008
• Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Main orientations
• Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security
• Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership • Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach• Enhanced flexibility• Co-financing as a permanent feature
– Main orientations
• Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security
• Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership • Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach• Enhanced flexibility• Co-financing as a permanent feature
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Programming – Programming
Heading Component Allocation (3 years)
1 Operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue
€ 65M
2 Peace Support Operations € 200M
3 Early Response Mechanism € 15M
4 Audit, monitoring, evaluation, technical assistance, lessons learned and visibility
€ 7M
5 Contingencies € 13M
Total € 300M
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Early Response Mechanism
• Innovative feature of the APF
• Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs:
– Launch of an African-led mediation initiative– Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an
African led peace operation
– Early Response Mechanism
• Innovative feature of the APF
• Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs:
– Launch of an African-led mediation initiative– Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an
African led peace operation
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Beneficiaries
• African Union• African sub-regional organisations • Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the
African Peace and Security Architecture
– Beneficiaries
• African Union• African sub-regional organisations • Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the
African Peace and Security Architecture
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Decision making process
• Two procedures:– standard procedure for non-urgent interventions– accelerated procedure for urgent interventions
• Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council
• Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M) • Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political
appropriateness decision by the Council
– Decision making process
• Two procedures:– standard procedure for non-urgent interventions– accelerated procedure for urgent interventions
• Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council
• Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M) • Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political
appropriateness decision by the Council
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Eligibility/ DAC-ability
• Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries
– Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions…– Consequence : complementary funding always required
• DAC’ability :
– APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able– APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened– Commission to prepare annual report
– Eligibility/ DAC-ability
• Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries
– Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions…– Consequence : complementary funding always required
• DAC’ability :
– APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able– APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened– Commission to prepare annual report
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
– Coherence
• Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar
• EC/EU and Member States • Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)
– Coherence
• Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar
• EC/EU and Member States • Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)
Main features 1st APF (9th EDF) 2nd APF (10th EDF)
scope African-led peace support operations and relevant capacity
Conflict prevention, including mediationPeace support operationsPost-conflict stabilizationOperationalization of APSAAfrica-EU dialogue on challenges to peace and
security
beneficiaries AU and sub-regional organisations in Africa
AU and sub-regional organisations in AfricaRelevant institutions/national structures within or
related to the African Peace and Security Architecture.
allocation In total nearly €440M for 4,5 years, including AVCs
(almost €100M per year),
€300M for three years, without AVCs(almost €100M per year),
flexibility Decision making process of around 2-3 months
More flexible decision making process: introduction of an urgent procedure
Elary Response Mechanism to be mobilised almost immediately
co-financing AVCs- first case of co-financing under the 9th EDF
AVCs to become a permanent feature of the IInd APFOpen for contributions from other (non-EU) donors
1st and 2nd APF – comparative table
Further Information
• DEV:– Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and
institutions, Peace and Security unit:[email protected]
• AIDCO:– Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility
unit: [email protected]
• DEV:– Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and
institutions, Peace and Security unit:[email protected]
• AIDCO:– Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility
unit: [email protected]