The 1970s to the Present
Chapters 29-32
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
• Détente – lessening of tensions
• Nixon and Henry Kissinger– Realpolitik– Balance of Power
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
• China Visit – 1972– Diplomatic
Recognition
• Soviet Union and détente – Arms Control Treaties
• SALT I - 1972• ABM Treaty
– Grain Deal
Foreign Policy
• Energy Crisis, 1973– Arab Oil Embargo– OPEC
• Helsinki Conference – 1975– Held during Ford’s presidency– “Helsinki Accords”
• Human rights and fundamental liberties• European borders set (after WWII)• Effects
Nixon’s Domestic Policy
• New Federalism
• Revenue Sharing – What? Why?
• Civil Rights
• Legislation
Environmentalism
• EPA created, 1970 – Why?– Rachel Carson’s
Silent Spring 1962– Clean Air Act 1970
• Toxic Waste
• Nuclear Protests
• Endangered Species Act, 1973
Economic Issues
• Inflation
• Wage and Price Controls – why? – What happened?
• Stagflation– Slowing productivity and rising inflation – a
rare combination – will plague the Ford and Carter presidencies
Election of 1972• Democrats select George McGovern to
run against Nixon – Why?
• Result
Watergate
• Watergate– Biggest presidential scandal in history– Forced Nixon to resign
Watergate
• Key advisors – Bob Haldeman and John Ehrlichman
• CREEP
• Watergate break-in – Why?
WatergateBob Woodward & Carl Bernstein
Washington Post
Reality
The Movie
Watergate
• VP Spiro Agnew resigns, Oct 1973 – Why?
• Senate Hearings
• Watergate Tapes
• U.S. v Nixon
Watergate• Impeachment and
Resignation– Gerald Ford becomes
President
Watergate – the Aftermath• The Pardon (Sept 1974)
– Thirty-one Nixon officials were convicted and went to jail
• The “Imperial Presidency”– Criticisms of the Nixon White House– The War Powers Act - 1973
The Ford Presidency• Pardon
• Fighting Inflation– WIN
• Fall of Saigon
Ford as President• The Mayaguez Incident
• SALT II
Election of 1976• Ford vs. Carter
• Campaign Issues – honesty, the outsider
Carter – Domestic Policies
• Amnesty – Why? Controversial?
• Depts of Education and Energy created
• More inflation
• Environment– Three Mile Island
• Airline Deregulation
Carter - Foreign Policy
• Humanitarian diplomacy!– Define
• Panama Canal Treaty
• Camp David Accord – 1978– What was it?
• SALT II - ratify
• Iran Hostage Crisis
Election of 1980• Carter vs. Reagan (another outsider)
• Campaign Issues- Role of Religious Right
The Reagan Years
• Cold War Politics– Evil Empire speech– SDI – Why?
• Middle East– Lebanon and Libya– Iran-Iraq War
• The U.S. backs Iraq and its leader, Saddam Hussein – Why?
The Reagan Years
• Western Hemisphere– Nicaragua– El Salvador– Granada
End of the Cold War
• Michael Gorbachev– Glasnost and perestroika
• Iron Curtain falls in 1989
• Fall of the Soviet Union 1991
Reagan’s Domestic Policies
• Supply-side economics (Reaganomics)– Define– Trickle-down effect– Tax cut– Results
• More deregulation– AT&T
Reagan’s Domestic Policies
• S & L Bailout – why?
• Air Traffic Controllers Strike– Reagan’s response?– Difference between
Democrats & Republicans
• Appointment of Sandra Day O’Connor
Election of 1984• Reagan vs. Walter Mondale
– Geraldine Ferraro nominated by Democrats as first female VP candidate
Reagan – Second Term
• Tax Reform Act of 1986
• Immigration Reform– Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986– Gives permanent status to 2.7million illegals
who have lived in the USA since 1982
• Iran Contra Scandal
• Reagan and the Supreme Court
• Reagan’s Legacy
Election of 1988• George Bush vs. Michael Dukakis
• Role of the South for the Republicans
Bush’s Presidency• End of the Cold War
• Operation Desert Storm
Election of 1992• Bush vs Bill Clinton (D) and Ross Perot (I)
• Key Issues - The Deficit
Clinton
• NAFTA
• Failed attempt at health care reform
• Republican rebirth in Congress, 1994– Newt Gingrich– Contract with
America
Clinton – Legislative Agenda
• Family Leave Act
• PWORA – ending welfare as we know it
• Motor Voter Law
• Reelection against Bob Dole in 1996
• Economic Prosperity
• Balanced Budgets– Deficits, entitlements, and the national debt
Clinton – 2nd Term• Impeachment
– 2nd Pres. to be impeached– Neither convicted
Election of 2000• Al Gore (D) vs George W. Bush (R)
• Disputed ballots in Florida (hanging chads)
• Bush v. Gore (2000)
Which is the real ballot for Palm Beach County?
Butterfly Ballot – How did it get its name?
The 21st Century• No Child Left Behind• Tax Cuts• 9/11/2001• Homeland Security and the
growth of government• War on Terrorism
The 21st Century• War in Iraq
• Election of 2004 against John Kerry
The 21st Century• Election of 2008
– Barack Obama defeats John McCain
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
Immigration – From Where?
The Age of GlobalizationThe Age of Globalization
Total Immigration, 1960-2000 Sources of Immigration, 1995-2003
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
How do these maps reflect the population shifts within the USA?
Trends on the Supreme Court• From Roe v Wade (1973)
• Ideological Battles on the Court– The Court shifts right– Burger to Rehnquist to Roberts– Supreme Court confirmation battles – Why?– What is the litmus test for appointees?
Political Trends since 1960
• What has happened to the New Deal coalition? the conservative coalition?
• How did the changing coalitions affect a president’s ability to enact legislation?
• How does the country shift to the right?– What does this mean?
• http://www.270towin.com/ - election trends
Social Trends – How has the workforce changed?
Decreasing Number of Farmers, 1940-1990
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
Technology Trends• Space: the Final Frontier
• Communications changes since 1950– How have these affected the following?
• Individuals• Politics/ Elections• The Media
• How has technology has affected business and lifestyle?– Credit and credit cards– Franchising– The internet
The Age of GlobalizationThe Age of Globalization
Science and Technology in the New Science and Technology in the New EconomyEconomy– Breakthroughs in GeneticsBreakthroughs in Genetics
Human Genome Human Genome ProjectProject
Moral and Ethical Moral and Ethical DilemmasDilemmas
DNA Model (Lawrence Lawry/ Getty Images)
Social Trends
• Women’s Rights
• Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique
• Gloria Steinem
• Phyllis Schlafly
• Equal Rights Amendment– Proposed by Congress, but never ratified by
the states
• Roe v. Wade (1973)
Liftoff of Apollo 11 in July 1969.
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin descends the ladder on the lunar module.Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
Man first walked on the moon in July 1969. (Neil Armstrong)Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
The space shuttle Enterprise in 1977.
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved
How has the state you were born in changed?
What does urbanization mean?