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HOME(HTTP://WWW.GOV.PH) PHILIPPINECONSTITUTIONS(HTTP://WWW.GOV.PH/CONSTITUTIONS/)THE1899MALOLOSCONSTITUTION
The1899MalolosConstitution
LACONSTITUCINDEMALOLOS THEMALOLOSCONSTITUTION
Nosotros,losRepresentantesdelPuebloFilipino,convocadoslegtimamenteparaestablecerlajusticia,proveeraladefensecomn,promoverelbiengeneralyasegurarlosbeneficiosdelalibertad,implorandoelauxiliodelSoberanoLegisladordelUniversoparaalcanzarestosfines,hemosvotado,decretadoysancionadolasiguiente:
We,theRepresentativesoftheFilipinoPeople,legallyconvenedtoestablishjustice,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfareandensuretheblessingsofliberty,imploringtheaidoftheSovereignLawgiveroftheUniverseinordertoobtaintheseobjectives,havevoted,decreedandapprovedthefollowing:
CONSTITUCINPOLTICA POLITICALCONSTITUTION
TtuloIDelaRepblica Title1OntheRepublic
Artculo1LaasociacinpolticadetodoslosfilipinosconstituyeunaNacincuyoestadosedenominaRepblicaFilipina.
Article1ThepoliticalassociationofallFilipinosconstitutesaNation,whoseStateshallbenamedthePhilippineRepublic.
Artculo2LaRepblicaFilipinaeslibreeindependiente.
Article2ThePhilippineRepublicisfreeandindependent.
Artculo3Lasoberanaresideexclusivamente Article3Sovereigntyresidesexclusivelyin
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enelpueblo. thepeople.
TitleIIDelGobierno TitleIIOntheGovernment
Artculo4ElGobiernodelaRepblicaespopular,representativo,alternativeyresponsableyloejercentrespoderesdistintosquesedenominanlegislativo,ejecutivoyjudicial.Nuncapodrnreunirsedosomsdeestospoderesenunapersonaocorporacinnidepositarseellegislativoenunsoloindividuo.
Article4TheGovernmentoftheRepublicispopular,representative,alternativeandresponsible,andshallbedividedamongthreedistinctpowers,whichshallbenamedlegislative,executiveandjudicial.Nevercantwoormoreofthesepowersbegiventoapersonorcorporation,norshallthepowerofthelegislativebevestedinanysingleindividual.
TtuloIIIDelaReligin TitleIIIOnReligion
Artculo5ElEstadoreconocelalibertadeigualdaddetodosloscultos,ascomolaseparacindelaIglesiaydelEstado.
Article5TheStaterecognizesthefreedomandequalityofallbeliefs,aswellastheseparationofChurchandState.
TtuloIVDelosFilipinosysusDerechosNacionaleseIndividuales
TitleIVOntheFilipinosandtheirNationalandIndividualRights
Artculo6 Article6
Sonfilipinos:1.Todaslaspersonasnacidasenterritoriofilipino.Unaembarcacinconpabellnfilipinoesconsideradaparaesteefectocomopartedelterritoriofilipino.2.Loshijosdepadreomadrefilipinos,aunquehayannacidofueradefilipinas.3.Losextranjerosquehayanobtenidocartadenaturaleza.4.Losque,sinella,hayanganadovecindadencualquierpueblodelterritoriofilipino.
ThefollowingareFilipinos:1.AllpersonsborninPhilippineterritory.AnyseavesselwherethePhilippineflagisflownisconsidered,forthispurpose,apartofPhilippineterritory.2.ChildrenofaFilipinofatherormother,eventhoughtheywerebornoutsidethePhilippines.3.Foreignerswhohaveobtainedthecertificateofnaturalization.4.Thosewho,withoutsuchcertificate,haveacquireddomicileinanytownwithinPhilippineterritory.
Seentiendeganadalavecindadconlapermanenciadurantedosaossininterrupcin,enunalocalidaddelterritoriofilipino,teniendocasaabiertaymododevivirconocidoycontribuyendoatodaslascargasdelanacin.Lacalidaddefilipinosepierdeconarregloalasleyes.
ItisunderstoodthatdomicileisacquiredthroughanuninterruptedresidenceoftwoyearsinalocalitywithinPhilippineterritory,keepinganopenhouseandhavingaknownoccupation,andpayingallthetaxesimposedbytheNation.Philippinecitizenshipislostinaccordancetothelaws.
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Artculo7Ningnfilipinoniextranjeropodrserdetenidonipresosinoporcausadedelitoyconarregloalasleyes.
Article7NoFilipinoorforeignercanbedetainedorimprisonedexceptbyvirtueofacrimeandinaccordancetothelaws.
Artculo8Tododetenidoserpuestoenlibertadoentregadoalaautoridadjudicialdentrodelasveinticuatrohorassiguientesalactodeladetencin.
Article8Anydetaineeshalleitherbesetfree,orbegiventojudicialauthoritywithinthenexttwentyfourhoursfollowingtheactofdetention.
TodadetencinsedejarsinefectooseelevaraprisindentrodelassetentaydoshorasdehabersidoentregadoeldetenidoalJuezcompetente.
Anydetentionshalleitherberenderedwithouteffect,orberaisedtoimprisonmentwithinseventytwohoursofthedetaineebeinghandedovertoacompetentcourt.
Laprovidenciaquesedictaresenotificaralinteresadodentrodelmismoplazo.
Theinterestedpartyshallbedulynotifiedwithinthesameperiodofwhateverdecisionpronounced.
Artculo9NingnfilipinopodrserpresosinoenvirtuddemandamientodeJuezcompetente.
Article9NoFilipinocanbeimprisonedexceptbyvirtueofawarrantissuedbyacompetentcourt.
Elautoporelcualsehayadictadoelmandamientoseratificarorepondr,odoelpresuntoreo,dentrodelassetentaydoshorassiguientesalactodelaprisin.
Theorderthroughwhichthewarranthasbeenpronouncedshallberatifiedorrevised,afterhavingheardtheaccused,withinseventytwohoursfollowingtheactofimprisonment.
Artculo10Nadiepuedeentrareneldomiciliodeunfilipinooextranjeroresidenteenfilipinassinsuconsentimiento,exceptoenloscasosurgentesdeincendio,inundacin,terremotouotropeligroodeagresinilegtimaprocedentedeadentrooparaauxiliarapersonaquedesdeallpidasocorro.Fueradeestoscasos,laentradaendomiciliodeunfilipinooextranjeroresidenteenFilipinasyelregistrodesuspapelesoefectosslopodrndecretarseporJuezcompetenteyejecutarsededa.Elregistrodepapelesyefectosseverificarsiempreapresenciadelinteresadoodeunindividuodesufamiliay,ensudefecto,dedostestigosvecinosdelmismopueblo.Sinembargo,cuandoundelincuentehalladoinfragantiyperseguidoporlaautoridadconsusagentesse
Article10NobodycanentertheplaceofresidenceofanyFilipinoorforeignresidentinthePhilippineswithouthisconsent,exceptinurgentcasesoffire,flood,earthquakeoranysimilardanger,orofunlawfulaggressioncomingfromwithin,orinordertohelpanypersonwhothereinasksforhelp.Otherthanthesecases,entryintotheplaceofresidenceofanyFilipinoorforeignresidentinthePhilippines,andsearchinghispapersoreffectscanbeorderedonlybyacompetentcourtandbeexecutedonlyindaytime.Thesearchofpapersandeffectsshallalwaysbemadeinthepresenceofthepersonconcernedoranymemberofhisfamilyand,intheirabsence,oftwowitnessesfromthesameneighborhood.However,shouldadelinquentcaughtinfragantiandpursuedby
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refugiareensudomicilio,podrnstospenetrarenlsloparaelactodelaaprehensin.Siserefugiareendomicilioajeno,precederrequerimientoaldueodeste.
theauthoritiesthroughtheiragentstakerefugeinhisplaceofresidence,theseagentscanenterthereinforthesolepurposeofcarryingoutthearrest.Shouldthedelinquentseekrefugeinanotherpersonshouse,permissionmustbefirstobtainedfromitsowner.
Artculo11Ningnfilipinopodrsercompelidoamudardedomiciliooderesidenciasinoenvirtuddesentenciaejecutoria.
Article11NoFilipinocanbecompelledtochangehisplaceofresidenceexceptbyvirtueofanexecutoryorder.
Artculo12Enningncasopodrdetenerse,niabrirseporlaautoridadgubernativalacorrespondenciaconfiadaalcorreo,nitampocodedetenerselatelegrficaotelefnica.PeroenvirtuddeautodeJuezcompetente,podrdetenersecualquieracorrespondenciaytambinabrirseenpresenciadelprocesadolaquesedirijaporelcorreo.
Article12Innowayshallanycorrespondenceentrustedtothepostofficeoranymessagesentthroughtelegraphortelephonebewithheldoropenedbygovernmentauthorities.However,byvirtueofanorderfromacompetentcourt,acorrespondencemaybewithheld,andwhatevermessagesentthroughthepostalsystemmaybeopenedinthepresenceofadefendant.
Artculo13Todoautodeprisin,deregistrodemoradaodedetencindelacorrespondenciaescrita,telegrficaotelefnicasermotivado.Cuandoelautocarezcadeesterequisitoocuandolosmotivosenquesehayafundadosedeclaren,enjuicio,ilegtimosonotoriamenteinsuficientes,lapersonaquehubieresidopresaocuyaprisinnosehubiereratificadodentrodelplazosealadoenelartculo9,ocuyodomiciliohubieresidoallanado,ocuyacorrespondenciahubieresidodetenida,tendrderechoareclamarlasresponsabilidadesconsiguientes.
Article13Anywarranttoarrest,tosearchaplaceofresidenceandtowithholdwritten,telegraphicortelephonecorrespondencemustbedulyjustified.Shouldthewarrantlackthisrequisite,orwhenthemotivesonwhichsuchwarranthasbeenbasedaredeclaredillegalornotoriouslyinsufficientbyacourt,thepersonthathasbeenimprisoned,orwhoseimprisonmenthasnotbeenratifiedwithintheperiodrequiredinArticle9,orwhoseplaceofresidencehasbeensearched,orwhosecorrespondencehasbeenwithheld,willhavetherighttofileforcorrespondingdamages.
Artculo14Ningnfilipinopodrserprocesadonisentenciado,sinoporelJuezoTribunalaquien,envirtuddeleyesanterioresaldelito,competasuconocimientoyenlaformaquestasprescriban.
Article14NoFilipinocanbeprosecutedorsentencedexceptbythejudgeorcourtthat,byvirtueofthelawsprevioustothecrime,hasbeengivenjurisdiction,andinthemannerthattheselawsprescribe.
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Artculo15Todapersonadetenidaopresasinlasformalidadeslegales,fueradeloscasosprevistosenestaConstitucin,serpuestaenlibertadapeticinsuyaodecualquierfilipino.Lasleyesdeterminarnlaformadeprocedersumariamenteenestecaso,ascomolaspenaspersonalesypecuniariasenquehayadeincurrirelqueordenare,ejecutareohiciereejecutarladetencinoprisinilegal.
Article15Anypersondetainedorimprisonedwithoutthelegalformalities,saveforthecasesprovidedforinthisConstitution,willbesetfreeuponhisownrequestorthatofanyFilipino.Thelawsshalldeterminetheproceedingssummarilyinthiscase,aswellasthepersonalandpecuniarypenaltiesthatmustbeincurredbywhosoevershallorder,executeorcausetoexecutetheillegaldetentionorimprisonment.
Artculo16Nadiepodrserprivadotemporaloperpetuamentedesusbienesyderechos,niturbadoenlaposesindeellossinoenvirtuddesentenciajudicial.Losfuncionariosque,bajocualquierpretexto,infrinjanestaprescripcin,sernpersonalmenteresponsablesdeldaocausado.
Article16Nobodyshallbedeniedofhispropertyandrightswhethertemporarilyorpermanently,orbedisturbedinthepossessionofthesame,exceptbyvirtueofajudicialsentence.Governmentofficialswho,underanypretext,infringethisprovisionshallbeheldpersonallyresponsibleforwhateverdamagecaused.
Artculo17Nadiepodrserexpropiadodesusbienes,sinoporcausadenecesidadyutilidadcomnpreviamentejustificadasydeclaradasporlaautoridadcorrespondientemedianteindemnizacinalpropietario,conanticipacinalaexpropiacin.
Article17Nobodyshallbeexpropriatedofhisproperties,exceptbyreasonofcommonnecessityandutility,previouslyjustifiedanddeclaredbytheproperauthority,andthroughindemnificationoftheownerpriortoexpropriation.
Artculo18NadieestobligadoapagarcontribucinquenohayasidovotadaporlaAsambleaoporlasCorporacionespopulareslegalmenteautorizadasparaimponerlaycuyaexaccinnosehagaenlaformaprescritaporlaley.
Article18NobodyisrequiredtopayanytaxthathasnotbeenapprovedbytheAssemblyorbypopularCorporationslegallyauthorizedtoimposethesame,andwhoseexactionisnotmadeintheformprescribedbylaw.
Artculo19Ningnfilipinoquesehalleenelplenogocedesusderechoscivilesypolticospodrserimpedidoenellibreejerciciodelosmismos.
Article19NoFilipinowhofindshimselfinfullenjoymentofhiscivilandpoliticalrightsshallbepreventedfromthefreeexerciseofthesame.
Artculo20Tampocopodrserprivadoningnfilipino:1.Delderechodeemitirlibrementesusideasyopinionesyadepalabra,yaporescrito,valindosedelaimprentaodeotroprocedimiento
Article20NeithershallanyFilipinobedenied:1.Oftherighttofreelyexpresshisideasandopinions,betheyorallyorinwriting,throughtheuseofprintoranyothersimilarmeans2.Oftherightofassociationforall
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semejante2.Delderechodeasociarseparatodoslosfinesdelavidahumanaquenoseancontrariosalamoralpblicayporltimo3.Delderechodedirigirpeticiones,individualocolectivamente,alospoderespblicosyalasautoridades.Elderechodepeticinnopodrejercerseporningunaclasedefuerzaarmada.
purposesofhumanlifethatnotcontrarytopublicmoralsandlastly,3.Oftherighttoaddressapetition,whetherindividuallyorcollectively,topublicpowersandauthorities.Therighttopetitionshallinnowaybeexercisedbymeansofarms.
Artculo21Elejerciciodelosderechosexpresadosenelartculoanteriorestarsujetoalasdisposicionesgeneralesquelosregulen.
Article21Theexerciseoftherightsprovidedforintheprecedingarticleshallbesubjecttothegeneralregulationsthatregulatethem.
Artculo22Losdelitosquesecometanconocasindelejerciciodelosderechosconsignadosenestettulosernpenadosporlostribunalesconarregloalasleyescomunes.
Article22Crimesthatarecommittedintheexerciseoftherightsguaranteedinthistitleshallbepenalizedbythecourtsinaccordancetothecommonlaw.
Artculo23Todofilipinopodrfundarymantenerestablecimientosdeinstruccinodeeducacin,conarregloalasprescripcionesqueseestablezcan.LaenseanzapopularseraobligatoriaygratuitaenlasescuelasdelaNacin.
Article23AnyFilipinocancreateandmaintaininstitutionsofinstructionoreducation,inaccordancewiththeestablishedprescriptions.Publicinstructionshallbeobligatoryandfreeofchargeinstateschools.
Artculo24Todoextranjeropodrestablecerlibrementeenterritoriofilipino,consujecinalasdisposicionesqueregulenlamateria,ejercerenlsuindustriaodedicarseacualquieraprofesinparacuyodesempeonoexijanlasleyesttulosdeaptitudexpedidosporlasautoridadesnacionales.
Article24AnyforeignercanfreelyresideinPhilippineterritory,subjecttothedispositionsregulatingthematter,practicehisprofessiontherein,orengageinanyworkthatmaybeperformedwithoutthecertificatesofaptitudeissuedbypublicauthoritiesandrequiredunderthelaw.
Artculo25Aningnfilipinoqueestenelplenogocedesusderechospoliticosycivilespodrimpedrselesalirlibrementedelterritorionitrasladarsuresidenciayhaberesapasextranjero,salvaslasobligacionesdecontribuiralserviciomilitaryalmantenimientodelascargaspblicas.
Article25AnyFilipinowhoisinthefullenjoymentofhispoliticalandcivilrightscannotbepreventedfromleavingtheterritoryfreely,norcanhebehinderedfromtransferringhisresidenceandpropertiestoaforeigncountry,exceptwhenheisrequiredtorendermilitaryserviceormaintainpubliccharges.
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Artculo26ElextranjeroquenoestuvierenaturalizadonopodrejercerenFilipinascargoalgunoquetengaanejaautoridadojurisdiccin.
Article26AnyforeignerwhoisnotnaturalizedcannotexerciseanyofficeinthePhilippinesthatcarriesanyauthorityorjurisdiction.
Artculo27TodofilipinoestobligadoadefenderlaPatriaconlasarmascuandoseallamadoporlaley,yacontribuiralosgastosdelEstadoenproporcinasushaberes.
Article27EveryFilipinoisrequiredtoriseinarmstodefendtheMotherlandwheneverheissummonedbythelaw,andtocontributetotheexpensesoftheStateinamannerproportionaltohismeans.
Artculo28Laenumeracindelosderechosconsignadosenestettulonoimplicalaprohibicindecualquierotronoconsignadoexpresamente.
Article28Theenumerationoftherightsguaranteedunderthistitledoesnotimplytheprohibitionofanyotherrightnotexpresslystatedherein.
Artculo29Nosernecesarialapreviaautorizacinparaprocesarantelosfuncionariospblicos,cualquieraqueseaeldelitoquecometieren.Elmandatosuperiornoeximirderesponsabilidadenloscasosdeinfraccinmanifiesta,clarayterminantedeunaprescripcinconstitucional.Enlasdems,soloeximiralosagentesquenoejerzanautoridad.
Article29Previousauthorizationshallnotberequiredtoprosecutepublicofficialsbeforethelowercourts,whatevertheoffensetheyhavecommittedmaybe.Asuperiorordershallnotexemptapublicofficialfromhisresponsibilityincaseswherethereisamanifest,clearandperemptoryinfractionagainstaprovisionoftheConstitution.Otherwise,itwillonlyexemptagentswhodonotexerciseanyauthority.
Artculo30Lasgarantasconsignadasenlosartculos7,8,9,10y11,yprrafos1y2del20nopodrnsuspenderseentodalaRepblicanienpartedeella,sinotemporalmenteypormediodeunaley,cuandoloexijalaseguridaddeEstadoencircunstanciasextraordinarias.Promulgadaaqullaenelterritorioaqueseaplicare,regirdurantelasuspensinunaleyespecial,segnlascircunstanciasloexijan.TantostacomoaqullasernvotadasenlaAsambleaNacionalyenelcasodequestaestuviesecerrada,elGobiernoquedafacultadoparadictarla,deacuerdoconlaComisinPermanente,sinperjuiciodeconvocaraaqullaalamayorbrevedadydarcuentadelosquehubierahecho.Peronienunanienotraleyse
Article30TheprovisionsguaranteedinArticles7,8,9,10and11,andParagraphs1and2ofArticle20cannotbesuspendedfortheentireRepublicorforanyofitsparts,excepttemporarilyandbymeansofalaw,wheneverthesecurityoftheStatesorequiresunderextraordinarycircumstances.Uponpromulgationofsuchsuspensionintheterritoryconcerned,aspeciallawshallbeenforcedduringtheperiodofsuspensionaccordingtowhateverthecircumstancesrequire.BothsuspensionandspeciallawwillbevotedonintheNationalAssembly,andshoulditbeinrecess,theGovernmentshallbeempoweredtoenactit,inaccordwiththePermanentCommission,
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podrnsuspendermsgarantasquelasconsignadasenelprimerprrafodeesteartculo,niautorizaralGobiernoparaextraardelpasnideportaraningnfilipino.Enningncasolosjefesmilitaresocivilespodrnestablecerotrapenalidadquelaprescritapreviamenteporlaley.
withoutanyprejudicetoconvokingtheAssemblyassoonaspossibleandaccountingforwhatevermoveithasundertaken.However,innolawcanotherrightsbesuspendedasidefromthoseprovidedforinthefirstparagraphofthisarticle,norshallitauthorizetheGovernmenttoexileordeportanyFilipinofromthecountry.Innocasecanmilitaryorcivilofficialsestablishanotherpunishmentotherthanwhathasbeenpreviouslyprescribedbythelaw.
Artculo31EnlaRepblicaFilipinanadiepuedeserjuzgadoporleyesprivativasniportribunalesespeciales.Ningunapersonanicorporacinpuedetenerfuerosnigozaremolumentosquenoseancompensacindeunserviciopblicoyestnfijadosporlaley.Subsisteelfuerodeguerraymarinasolamenteparalosdelitosyfaltasquetenganconexinntimaconladisciplinamilitarymartima.
Article31NobodyinthePhilippineRepubliccanbebroughttotrialunderprivativelawsorinspecialcourts.Nopersonorcorporationcanhaveprivilegesorenjoyemolumentsthatarenotobtainedascompensationforpublicserviceanddeterminedunderthelaw.Armyandnavylawsshallonlyapplytocrimesandoffensescloselyrelatedtothemilitaryandnavaldiscipline.
Artculo32Ningnfilipinopodrestablecermayorazgos,niinstitucionesvinculadorasdelapropiedad,niaceptarhonores,condecoracionesottuloshonorficosydenoblezadelasnacionesextranjerassinautorizacindelGobierno.TampocopodrestablecerelGobiernodelaRepblicalasinstitucionessealadasenelprrafoanterior,niotorgarhonores,condecoracionesottuloshonorficosydenoblezaaningnfilipino.LaNacin,sinembargo,premiarporunaleyespecial,votadaporlaAsamblea,losservicioseminentesqueprestenlosciudadanosalaPatria.
Article32NoFilipinocanestablishmajoratsorinstitutionsthatentailproperty,oraccepthonors,distinctions,honorifictitlesortitlesofnobilityfromforeignnationswithouttheauthorizationoftheGovernment.NeithercantheGovernmentoftheRepublicestablishtheinstitutionsaforementionedintheprecedingparagraph,norcanitconferhonors,distinctions,honorifictitlesortitlesofnobilitytoanyFilipino.TheNation,however,shallawardbymeansofaspeciallawapprovedbytheAssemblythedistinguishedservicesrenderedbyitscitizenstotheMotherland.
TtuloIVDelPoderLegislativo TitleIVOnLegislativePower
Artculo33ElpoderlegislativoseejercerporunaAsociacindeRepresentantesdela
Article33LegislativepowershallbeexercisedbyanAssemblyofRepresentativesofthe
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Nacin.EstaAsambleaestarorganizadaenlaformaycondicionesdeterminadasporlaleyquealefectosedicte.
Nation.ThisAssemblyshallbeorganizedintheformandconditionsdeterminedbythelawenactedforsuchpurpose.
Artculo34LosmiembrosdelaAsamblearepresentarnatodalaNacinynoesclusivamente[sic]aloselectoresquelesnombraron.
Article34ThemembersoftheAssemblyshallrepresenttheentireNation,andnotonlythevoterswhoelectedthem.
Artculo35Ningnrepresentantepodradmitirdesuselectoresmandatoalgunoimperativo.
Article35Norepresentativecanreceiveanyimperativemandatefromhisvoters.
Artculo36LaAsambleasereunirtodoslosaos.CorrespondealPresidentedelaRepblicaconvocarla,suspenderycerrarsussesionesydisolverla,deacuerdoconlamismaoconlaComisinPermanente,ensudefecto,ydentrodelosplazoslegales.
Article36TheAssemblywillconveneeveryyear.ItisthedutyofthePresidentoftheRepublictoconvokeit,suspendandcloseitssessions,anddissolveit,withitsconcurrenceorwiththatofthePermanentCommission,intheabsenceoftheformer,andwithintheperiodgrantedunderthelaw.
Artculo37LaAsambleaestarabiertaalmenostresmesescadaao,sinincluirenestetiempoelqueseinviertaensuconstitucin.ElPresidentedelaRepblicalaconvocar,amstardar,paraelda15deabril.
Article37TheAssemblyshallbeopenforatleastthreemonthsinayear,withthetimespentinitsorganizationexcludedfromthisperiod.ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallconvokeitonthe15thofAprilatthelatest.
Artculo38EncasoextraordinariopodrconvocarlafueradelperodolegaldeacuerdoconlaComisinPermanenteyprolongarlalegislaturasiemprequeelplazonoexcedadeunmes,niseverifiquemsdedosvecesenlamismalegislatura.
Article38Inextraordinarycases,hecanconvokeitoutsidetheperiodgrantedunderthelaw,withtheconcurrenceofthePermanentCommission,andextendlegislativework,providedthattheextensionshallnotexceedtheperiodofonemonthandthatitshallnotbeheldformorethantwicewithinthesamelegislature.
Artculo39LaAsambleaNacional,enunindelosRepresentantesextraordinarios,formarlasconstituyentesparaprocederalareformadelaConstitucinyalaeleccindelnuevoPresidentedelaRepblica,convocadasconunmes,porlomenos,deanticipacinalaterminacindelospoderesdeaqul.EncasodemuerteodedimisindelPresidentedelaRepblica,laAsambleasereunirenseguidapor
Article39TheNationalAssembly,togetherwithextraordinaryrepresentatives,shallformaconstituentbodyinordertoproceedtothereformoftheConstitutionandtheelectionofanewPresidentoftheRepublic.Itshallbeconvenedatleastamonthpriortotheexpirationofthepowersoftheformer.IncasethePresidentoftheRepublicdiesorresignshisoffice,theAssemblyshallconveneimmediately
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derechopropioyainiciativadesuPresidenteodelaComisinPermanente.
onitsown,eitherthroughtheinitiativeofitsPresident,orthatofthePermanentCommission.
Artculo40nterinseprocedealnombramientodenuevoPresidentedelaRepblica,ejercersusfuncioneselPresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiaquesersustituidoporunodelosmiembrosdeesteTribunalconarregloalasleyes.
Article40WhilethenewPresidentoftheRepublichasyettobenamed,hisdutiesshallbeexercisedbythePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJustice,whointurnshallbesubstitutedinhisdutiesbyoneofthemembersofthissaidtribunalinaccordancetothelaws.
Artculo41CualquierareunindelaAsambleaqueseverifiquefueradelperododelegislaturaordinariaserilcitaynula.Exceptanseelcasoprevistoporelttulo39,yenelquelaAsambleaseconstituyaenTribunaldeJusticia,nopudiendoejercerenesteltimocasootrasfuncionesquelasjudiciales.
Article41WhatevermeetingoftheAssemblyheldoutsidetheordinaryperiodoflegislationshallbeillegalandvoid,exceptinthecaseprovidedforinArticle39,orintheeventwhentheAssemblyisconvenedasaCourtofJustice,inwhichcasenofunctioncanbeexercisedotherthanitsjudicialpowers.
Artculo42LassesionesdelaAsambleasernpblicas.Sinembargopodrsersecretasapeticindeciertonmerodesusindividuos,fijadoporelReglamento,decidindosedespuspormayoraabsolutadevotosdelosmiembrospresentessiladiscussionsobreelmismoobjetohadecontinuarenpblico.
Article42ThesessionsoftheAssemblyshallbedoneinpublic.However,theycanbeheldprivatelyupontherequestofacertainnumberofitsmembersdeterminedunderitsbylaws,withadecisionafterwardsthroughanabsolutemajorityofvotesamongitsmembersinattendanceifthediscussiononthesamesubjectshouldcontinueinpublic.
Artculo43ElPresidentedelaRepblicasecomunicarconlaAsambleapormediodemensajesquesernledosenlatribunaporunSecretariodelGobierno.LosSecretariosdeGobiernotendrnentradaenlaAsambleaconderechoaqueselesconcedalapalabra,siemprequelapidan,ypodrnhacerserepresentarenladiscusindeunproyectodeterminadoporcomisionadosdesignadospordecretodelPresidentedelaRepblica.
Article43ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallcommunicatewiththeAssemblythroughmessagesthatshallbereadfromthetribunebyaSecretaryofGovernment.TheSecretariesofGovernmentcanentertheAssemblywiththerighttobegiventheflooriftheysowish,andcanberepresentedinthedeliberationofanyparticularbillbyenvoysdesignatedbydecreeofthePresidentoftheRepublic.
Artculo44PodrconstituirselaAsambleaenTribunaldeJusticiaparajuzgarlosdelitoscometidoscontrala
Article44TheAssemblycanbeconvenedasaCourtofJusticetopassjudgmentoncrimesagainstthesecurityofthe
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seguridaddelEstadoporelPresidentedelaRepblicaeindividuosdelConsejodeGobierno,porelPresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiayporelProcuradorGeneraldelaNacin,pormediodeundecretodelamismaodelaComisinPermanenteensudefecto,odelPresidentedelaRepblicaapropuestadelProcuradorGeneralodelConsejodeGobierno.Lasleyesdeterminarnelmododeprocederparalaacusacin,instruccinyremisin.
StatebythePresidentoftheRepublic,andmembersoftheCouncilofGovernment,bythePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJustice,andbytheSolicitorGeneraloftheNation,bymeansofadecreeissuedbytheAssemblyitself,orbythePermanentCommissionintheabsenceoftheformer,orbythePresidentoftheRepublicuponrecommendationoftheSolicitorGeneralortheCouncilofGovernment.Thelawsshalldeterminetheproceduresforaccusation,investigationandpardon.
Artculo45NingnmiembrodelaAsambleapodrserperseguidonimolestadoporlasopinionesqueexprese,niporlosvotosqueemitaenelejerciciodesucargo.
Article45NomemberoftheAssemblycanbepersecutedorharassedforwhateveropinionheexpresses,norforthevotesthathecastsintheexerciseofhisoffice.
Artculo46NingnindividuodelaAsambleapodrserprocesadoenmateriacriminalsinautorizacindelamismaodelaComisinPermanente,alaquesedarcuentainmediatamentedelhechoparalaresolucinqueproceda.Laprisin,detencinoapprehensiondeunmiembrodelaAsambleanopodrllevarseacabosinpreviaautorizacindelamismaodelaComisinPermanente.PerounaveznotificadalaAsambleasobreelautodeprisin,incurrirenresponsabilidadsi,dentrodedosdassiguientesalanotificacin,noautorizarelaprisinomanifestarelosmotivosenquesefundesunegativa.
Article46NomemberoftheAssemblycanbeprosecutedoncriminalmatterswithouttheauthorizationoftheAssemblyorofthePermanentCommission,towhichanaccountofthemattershallbeimmediatelyrenderedfortheappropriateresolution.Imprisonment,detentionorarrestofamemberoftheAssemblycannotbedonewithoutpriorauthorizationfromtheAssemblyorfromthePermanentCommission.However,oncetheAssemblyhasbeennotifiedaboutthewarrantofarrest,itshallbeheldliableif,withinthenexttwodaysafternotification,itdoesnotauthorizeimprisonmentormanifestthereasonsforrefusingthesame.
Artculo47LaAsambleaNacionaltendrademslasfacultadessiguientes:1.FormarelReglamentoparasugobiernointerior2.Examinarlalegalidaddelaseleccionesylaaptitudlegaldelosindividuoselegidos3.NombraralconstituirsesuPresidente,VicePresidenteySecretarios.MientraslaAsambleanoseadisuelta,suPresidente,Vice
Article47TheNationalAssemblyshallalsohavethefollowingpowers:1.Createbylawsforitsinternalgovernance2.Examinethelegalityofelectionandlegalaptitudeoftheelectedmembers3.Uponitsconvocation,appointitsPresident,VicePresidentandSecretaries.ProvidedthattheAssemblyisnotdissolved,its
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PresidenteySecretarioscontinuarnejerciendosuscargosdurantelascuatrolegislaturas,y4.AdmitirlasdimisionespresentadasporsusindividuosyconcederlaslicenciasconsujecinalReglamento.
President,VicePresidentandSecretariesshallcontinueexercisingtheirofficeforfourtermsand4.Accepttheresignationpresentedbyitsmembersandgrantleavesofabsenceinaccordancetothebylaws.
Artculo48NingnproyectopodrllegaraserleysinqueantesseavotadoenlaAsamblea.ParavotarlasleyesserequierelapresenciaenlaAsambleadelacuartaparte,cuandomenos,delnmerototaldolosindividuosquetenganaprobadassusactasyhayanprestadojuramento.
Article48NobillmaybepassedintolawwithoutbeingsubmittedintoavoteintheAssembly.Thepresenceofatleastafourthpartofthetotalnumberofmemberswhoseelectionhasbeendulyapprovedandhavebeensworntoofficeisrequiredinordertopassalaw.
Artculo49NingnproyectodeleypuedeaprobarseporlaAsambleasinodespusdehabersidovotadoensutotalidadydespusartculoporartculo.
Article49NobillmaybeapprovedbytheAssemblyuntilafterithasbeenvoteduponinitsentirety,andsubsequentlyarticlebyarticle.
Artculo50LaAsambleatieneelderechodecensura,ycadaunodesusindividuoseldeinterpelacin.
Article50TheAssemblyhastherightofcensure,andeachofitsmembers,therightofinterpellation.
Artculo51LainiciativadelasleyescorrespondealPresidentedelaRepblicayalaAsamblea.
Article51TheinitiativeofthelawsbelongstothePresidentoftheRepublicandtheAssembly.
Artculo52ElRepresentantedelaAsambleaqueaceptedelGobiernopensin,empleoocomisinconsueldo,seentenderquerenunciaasucargo.ExceptansedeestadisposicinelempleodeSecretariodeGobiernodelaRepblica,yotroscargossealadosenleyesespeciales.
Article52AnyrepresentativeoftheAssemblywhoacceptspension,employmentorassignmentwithcorrespondingremunerationfromtheGovernmentshallbeconsideredresignedfromhisoffice.ExemptedfromthisaretheofficeoftheSecretaryofGovernmentoftheRepublic,andotherpositionsprovidedforinspeciallaws.
Artculo53ElcargodeRepresentanteduracuatroaosytienenderecholosquelaejerzanporvadeindemnizacinaunasumadeterminadaporlaleyconarregloalascircunstancias.
Article53Theofficeofarepresentativeshallbeforfouryears,andthosewhoexercisesuchofficeshallhavetherighttoreceiveasaformofcompensationanamountprovidedforunderthelawandinaccordancetothecircumstances.
Notienenderechoaestaindemnizacinlosqueseausenten
Thosewhofailtoattendtheentireperiodoflegislationshallnothave
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durantetodalalegislaturaperorecobranelderechosiasistenalassiguientes.
therighttoreceivecompensation,butshallregainsuchrightoncetheyattendthesessionsthereafter.
TtuloVIDelaComisinPermanente TitleVIOnthePermanentCommission
Artculo54LaAsamblea,antesdecerrarsussesiones,elegirasietedesusmiembrosparaqueformenlaComisinPermanenteduranteelperodoenqueestcerrada,debiendostaensuprimerasessiondesignarPresidenteySecretario.
Article54TheAssembly,beforeclosingitssessions,shallelectsevenofitsmemberstoconstitutethePermanentCommissionduringtheperiodthatitisinrecess,withtheobligationthatthelatterdesignateaPresidentandaSecretaryonitsfirstsession.
Artculo55SonatribucionesdelaComisinPermanente,endefectodelaAsamblea:1.DeclararsihayonolugaraformacindecausacontraelPresidentedelaRepblica,losRepresentantes,SecretariosdeGobierno,PresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiayProcuradorGeneralenloscasosprevistosporestaConstitucin2.ConvocaralaAsambleaaunareuninextraordinariaenloscasosenquedebaconstituirseenTribunaldeJusticia.3.Dartramitealosnegociosquehubierenquedadopendientesparaquepuedantomarseenconsideracin.4.ConvocaralaAsambleaalassesionesextraordinariascuandolaexigenciadelcasolademande,y5.SupliralaAsambleaensusfacultadesconarregloalaConstitucin,excepcinhechadelafacultaddehaceryvotarlasleyes.LaComisinPermanentesereunirsiemprequefuereconvocadaporelquelapresida,conarregloaestaConstitucin.
Article55ThePermanentCommission,intheabsenceoftheAssembly,shallbeempoweredto:1.DeclarewhetherornotthereissufficientcausetotakelegalactionagainstthePresidentoftheRepublic,theRepresentatives,theSecretariesofGovernment,thePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJustice,andtheSolicitorGeneralinthecasesprovidedforinthisConstitution2.ConvenetheAssemblyinextraordinarysessionincaseswhentheCourtofJusticemustbeconstituted3.Actonmattersthathaveremainedunresolvedinorderforthemtobetakenintoconsideration4.ConvenetheAssemblyinextraordinarysessionswhentheexigencyofthecasesorequiresand5.SubstitutetheAssemblyintheexerciseofitspowersinaccordancetotheConstitution,exceptinthepowerofcreatingandpassinglaws.ThePermanentCommissionshallmeetwheneveritisconvenedbywhoeverpresidesoveritinaccordancetothisConstitution.
TtuloVIIDelPoderEjecutivo TitleVIIOnExecutivePower
Artculo56ElpoderejecutivoresidirenelPresidentedelaRepblicaqueloejercepormediodesusSecretarios.
Article56ExecutivepowerresidesinthePresidentoftheRepublic,whoshallexerciseitthroughhisSecretaries.
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Artculo57LagestindelosinteresespeculiaresdelospueblosdelasprovinciasydelEstadocorresponde,respectivamente,alasAsambleaspopulares,alasAsambleasprovincialesyalaAdministracinactivaconarregloalasleyesysobrelabasedelamsampliadescentralizacinyautonomaadministrativas.
Article57Theadministrationoftheparticularinterestsoftowns,provincesandtheStateshallbeentrustedrespectivelytotownassemblies,provincialassembliesandtheincumbentAdministrationinaccordancetothelaw,andshallbebasedonthebroadestdecentralizationandautonomyofadministration.
TtuloVIIIDelPresidentedelaRepblica TitleVIIIOnthePresidentoftheRepublic
Artculo58ElPresidentedelaRepblicaseraelegidopormayoraabsolutadevotosporlaAsambleaylosRepresentesespecialesreunidosenCmaraconstituyente.Sunombramientoserporcuatroaosyserreelegible.
Article58ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallbeelectedthroughanabsolutemajorityofvotesbytheAssemblyandthespecialrepresentativesconvenedasaconstituentchamber.Hisappointmentshallbeforfouryearsandhewillbeeligibleforreelection.
Artculo59ElPresidentedelaRepblicatendrlainiciativadelasleyes,ascomolosmiembrosdelaAsamblea,ypromulgarlasleyescuandohayansidovotadasyaprobadasporstayvigilaryasegurarsuejecucin.
Article59ThePresidentoftheRepublic,aswellasthemembersoftheAssembly,shallhavetheinitiativeofthelaws.Heshallpromulgatethelawsoncetheyhavebeenpassedandapprovedbythelatter,andshallsuperviseandensuretheirexecution.
Artculo60LapotestaddehacerejecutarlasleyesseextiendeatodocuantoconducealaconservacindelordenpblicoenelinterioryalaseguridaddelEstadoenelexterior.
Article60Thepowertoenforcethelawshallextendtoanyconcernrelatedtothepreservationofpublicorderinthecountry,andtotheexternalsecurityoftheState.
Artculo61ElPresidentedelaRepblicapromulgarlasleyesdentrodelosveintedassiguientesalenelquelehayasidotrasmitidaporlaAsamblealaaprobacindefinitiva.
Article61ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallpromulgatealawwithintwentydaysfollowingthetransmittalofitsdefinitiveapprovaltohimbytheAssembly.
Artculo62Sidentrodeesteplazonofuerenpromulgadas,elPresidentelasdevolveralaAsambleaconjustificacindelascausasdesudetencin,procedindoseentalcasoasurevisinynoseentenderqueinsisteenellassinolasreproduceporelvotodelasdosterceras
Article62Ifthelawisnotpromulgatedwithinthisperiod,thePresidentshallreturnittotheAssemblywithajustificationonthereasonsforsuchdeferment.TheAssemblyshallproceedtoitsreview.Itshallnotbepresumedthatthelatterinsistsonitspassageifitisnotrepassedbya
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partesdelosmiembrospresentesdelaAsamblea.Reproducidalaleyenlaformaindicada,elGobiernolapromulgardentrodediezdas,haciendoconstarsunoconformidad.AlomismoquedarobligadoelGobiernosidejarepasarelplazodeveintedassindevolverlaleyalaAsamblea.
voteoftwothirdsofthememberspresentintheAssembly.Oncethelawisreviewedinthemannerindicated,theGovernmentshallpromulgateitwithintendayswithamanifestationofitsnonconformity.TheGovernment,wherefore,shallbeheldliableifitallowstheperiodoftwentydaystoelapsewithoutreturningthelawtotheAssembly.
Artculo63Cuandolapromulgacindeunaleyhayasidodeclaradaurgenteporvotacinexpresa,omayoraabsolutadevotosdelaAsamblea,elPresidentedelaRepblicapodrpediraaqullaporunmensajemotivadounanuevadeliberacin,lacualnopodrsernegada,yaprobadadenuevolamismaley,serpromulgadadentrodelplazolegal,sinperjuiciodequeelPresidentepuedahacerconstarsunoconformidad.
Article63Whenthepromulgationofalawhasbeendeclaredurgentbyanadhocvote,orbyanabsolutemajorityofvotesintheAssembly,thePresidentoftheRepubliccanasktheformertodeliberateanewbyemittingamessagetosucheffect.Suchdeliberationcannotberefused.Uponreapprovalofthesamelaw,itshallbepromulgatedwithintheperiodprescribed,withoutprejudicetothePresidentsrighttomanifesthisnonconformity.
Artculo64LapromulgacindelasleyesseverificarmediantesupublicacinenelperidicooficialdelaRepblica,ytienenfuerzadeobligaralostreintadassiguientesaldelapublicacin.
Article64ThepromulgationofthelawshallbeeffectedbypublishingthesameintheofficialbulletinofRepublic,andshallbebindingandexecutoryafterthirtydaysfollowingitspublication.
Artculo65ElPresidentedelaRepblicadisponelasfuerzasdemarytierra,declaralaguerrayhaceyratificalapaz,previoacuerdodelaAsamblea.
Article65ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallhavethearmyandthenavyathisdisposition,declarewar,andenterintoapeaceagreementandratifyit,withthepriorconsentoftheAssembly.
Artculo66LostratadosdepaznoserndefinitivossinodespusdevotadosporlaAsamblea.
Article66PeacetreatiesshallnotbedefinitiveunlessapprovedbytheAssemblythroughavote.
Artculo67Ademsdelasfacultadesnecesariasparalaejecucindelasleyes,correspondealPresidentedelaRepblica:1.Conferirlosempleoscivilesymilitaresconarregloalasleyes2.NombrarlosSecretariosdeGobierno3.Dirigirlasrelacionesdiplomticas
Article67Apartfromthepowersnecessarytoexecutelaws,itisthedutyofthePresidentoftheRepublicto:1.Confercivilandmilitaryemploymentinaccordancetothelaw2.AppointSecretariesofGovernment3.Directdiplomaticandcommercial
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ycomercialesconlasdemspotencias4.Cuidardequeentodoelterritorioseadministreprontaycumplidajusticia5.IndultaralosdelincuentesconarregloalasleyessalvolodispuestorelativamentealosSecretariosdeGobierno6.PresidirlassolemnidadesnacionalesyrecibiralosenviadosyrepresentantesdelasPotenciasextranjerasacreditadoscercadel.
relationswithotherpowers4.Ensuretheswiftandcompleteadministrationofjusticeintheentireterritory5.Pardonlawbreakersinaccordancetothelaw,subjecttotheprovisionsrelatingtotheSecretariesofGovernment6.Presideovernationalsolemnities,andwelcomeaccreditedenvoysandrepresentativesofforeignpowers.
Artculo68ElPresidentedelaRepblicanecesitaestarautorizadoporunaleyespecial:1.Paraenajenar,cederopermutarcualquierapartedelterritoriofilipino.2.Paraincorporarcualquierotroterritorioalfilipino.3.Paraadmitirtropasextranjerasenelterritoriofilipino.4.Pararatificarlostratadosdealianzaofensivaydefensiva,losespecialesdecomercio,losqueestipulendarsubsidiosaunaPotenciaextranjera,ytodosaqullosquepuedanobligarindividualmentealosfilipinos.Enningncasolosartculossecretosdeuntratadopodrnderogarlospblicos.5.Paraconcederamnistaseindultosgenerales.6.Paraacuarmoneda.
Article68ThePresidentoftheRepublicneedstobeauthorizedbyaspeciallaw:1.Totransfer,cedeorexchangeanypartofPhilippineterritory2.ToincorporateanyotherterritoryintothePhilippines3.ToallowforeigntroopsinPhilippineterritory4.Toratifytreatiesofoffensiveanddefensivealliance,specialcommercialtreaties,treatiesthatstipulatesubsidiestoaforeignpower,andanyothertreatythatcompelsFilipinostoperformanyindividualobligationInnocasecantheconfidentialarticlesofatreatynullifythosethatarepublic.5.Tograntgeneralamnestiesandpardons6.Tomintmoney.
Artculo69AlPresidentedelaRepblicacorrespondelafacultaddedictarreglamentosparaelcumplimientoyaplicacindelasleyesprevioslosrequisitosquelasmismassealen.
Article69ThePresidentoftheRepublichasthepowertoimposerulesforthecomplianceandenforcementofthelawssubjecttotherequisitesthatthesameprescribe.
Artculo70ElPresidentedelaRepblicapodr,previoacuerdoadoptadopormayoradevotosdeRepresentantes,disolverlaAsambleaantesdelaexpiracindelplazolegaldesumandato.Enestecaso,seconvocarnparanuevaseleccionesdentrodel
Article70ThePresidentoftheRepubliccan,withthepriorconcurrenceoftheRepresentativesadoptedthroughamajorityofvotes,dissolvetheAssemblybeforetheexpirationofthetermlegallyprescribedforitsmandate.Inthiscase,theyshallbeconvenedfornewelectionswithinthree
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trminodetresmeses. months.
Artculo71ElPresidentedelaRepblicasoloserresponsableenloscasosdealtatraicin.
Article71ThePresidentoftheRepublicaloneshallbeheldresponsibleincasesofhightreason.
Artculo72LadotacindelPresidentedelaRepblicaserfijadaporunaleyespecial,quenopodrvariarsesinoalfindeperodopresidencial.
Article72ThesalaryofthePresidentoftheRepublicshallbedeterminedbyaspeciallaw,whichcannotberevisedexceptattheendofhisterminoffice.
TtuloIXDelosSecretariosdeGobierno TitleIXOntheSecretariesofGovernment
Artculo73ElConsejodeGobiernosecomponedeunPresidenteysieteSecretarios,quetendrnasucargolascarterasde:Negociosextranjeros,Interior,Hacienda,GuerrayMarina,InstruccinPblica,ComunicacionesyObrasPblicas,Agricultura,IndustriasyComercio.
Article73TheCouncilofGovernmentshallbecomposedofaPresidentandsevenSecretaries,whoshallbeputinchargeoftheportfoliosof:ForeignRelations,Interior,Finance,WarandtheNavy,PublicInstruction,PublicWorksandCommunications,Agriculture,IndustriesandCommerce.
Artculo74TodoloqueelPresidentedelaRepblicamandareodispusiereenelejerciciodesuautoridadserfirmadoporelSecretarioaquiencorresponda.Ningnfuncionariopblicodarcomplimientoaloquecarezcadeesterequisito.
Article74AnythingthatthePresidentoftheRepubliccommandsorresolvesintheexerciseofhisauthorityshallbesignedbytheSecretaryconcerned.Nopublicofficialshallfulfillanyorderthatlackssuchrequisite.
Artculo75LosSecretariosdeGobiernosonresponsablessolidariamenteantelaAsambleadelapolticageneraldelGobierno,eindividualmentedesusactospersonales.AlProcuradorGeneraldelaNacincorrespondeacusarlos,yalaAsambleajuzgarlos.LasleyesdeterminarnloscasosderesponsabilidaddelosSecretariosdeGobierno,laspenasaqueestnsujetosyelmododeprocedercontraellos.
Article75TheSecretariesofGovernmentshallbeheldjointlyresponsiblebytheAssemblyforthegeneralpoliciesofGovernment,andindividuallyfortheirpersonalactions.ItshallbethedutyoftheSolicitorGeneraloftheNationtoprosecutethem,andoftheAssemblytojudgethem.ThelawsshalldeterminethecaseswhereintheSecretariesofGovernmentaretoberesponsible,thepenaltiestowhichtheyshallbesubjected,andthemanneronhowtoproceedagainstthem.
Artculo76Paraelindultodestos,sifuerencondenadosporlaAsamblea,hadeprecederpeticindelamayoraabsoluta
Article76InorderfortheSecretariestoobtainpardonifandwhentheyareconvictedbythe
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deRepresentantes. Assembly,itisnecessarythatapetitionbefirstapprovedbytheRepresentativesbyanabsolutemajority.
TtuloXDelPoderJudicial TitleXOnJudicialPower
Artculo77Alostribunalescorrespondeexclusivamentelapotestaddeaplicarlasleyes,anombredelaNacinenlosjuicioscivilesycriminales.UnosmismoscdigosregirnentodalaRepblica,sinperjuiciodelasvariacionesqueporparticularescircunstanciasdeterminenlasleyes.Enellosnoseestablecermsqueunslofueroparatodoslosciudadanosenlosjuicioscomunes,civilesycriminales.
Article77Thecourtshavetheexclusivepowertoapplythelaws,onbehalfoftheNation,incivilandcriminaltrials.ThesamecodesoflawshallapplytotheentireRepublic,notwithstandingthevariationsthatthelawmayprescribeinparticularcircumstances.Thereshallbebutonecodeoflawsapplicabletoallcitizensinordinary,civilandcriminaltrials.
Artculo78Lostribunalesnoaplicarnlosreglamentosgeneralesymunicipalessinoencuantoestnconformesconlasleyes.
Article78Thecourtsshallnotapplygeneralandmunicipalregulations,exceptinsofarastheyareinconformitytothelaws.
Artculo79ElejerciciodelpoderjudicialradicaenunaCorteSupremadeJusticia,yenlostribunalesquesedeterminenenlasleyes.
Article79TheexerciseofjudicialpowerresidesinaSupremeCourtofJustice,andinthetribunalsthataretobeestablishedbylaw.
Sucomposicin,organizacinydemsatribucionesseregirnporlasleyesorgnicasquesedeterminen.
Theircomposition,organizationandotherattributesshallbedeterminedbytheorganiclawsthatshallbeenforced.
Artculo80ElPresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiayelProcuradorGeneralsernnombradosporlaAsambleaNacionalenconcurrenciaconelPresidentedelaRepblicaySecretariodeGobierno,ytendrabsolutaindependenciadelospodereslegislativoyejecutivo.
Article80ThePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJusticeandtheSolicitorGeneralshallbeappointedbytheNationalAssemblywiththeconcurrenceofthePresidentoftheRepublicandtheSecretariesofGovernment,andshallhaveabsoluteindependencefromthelegislativeandexecutivebranches.
Artculo81TodociudadanopodrentablaraccinpblicacontralosindividuostodosdelPoderjudicialporlosdelitosquecometierenenelejerciciodesucargo.
Article81Anycitizencaninitiatepublicactionagainstmembersofthejudiciaryformisdemeanorsthattheycommitintheexerciseoftheiroffice.
TtuloXIDelasAsambleasProvincialesy TitleXIOnProvincialandPopular
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Populares Assemblies
Artculo82LaorganizacinyatribucionesdelasAsambleasprovincialesypopularesseregirnporsusrespectivasleyes.Estasseajustarnalosprincipiossiguientes:1.Gobiernoydireccindelosinteresespeculiaresdelaprovinciaodelpuebloporlasrespectivascorporacionessiendoelprincipiodeeleccinpopularydirectaelfundamentoparalaconstitucindelasmismas.2.Publicidaddelassesionesdeunasyotras,dentrodeloslmitessealadosporlaley.3.Publicacindelospresupuestos,cuentasyacuerdosimportantesdelasmismas.4.IntervencindelGobiernoy,ensucaso,delaAsambleaNacionalparaimpedirquelasprovinciasylosmunicipiosseextralimitenensusatribucionesenperjuiciodelosinteresesgeneraleseindividuales.5.Determinacindesusfacultadesenmateriadeimpuestos,afindequelosprovincialesymunicipalsnosehallenenoposicinconelsistematributariodelEstado.
Article82Theorganizationandattributesoftheprovincialandpopularassembliesshallbedeterminedbytheirrespectivelaws.Theselawsshallconformtothefollowingprinciples:1.Governanceandmanagementoftheparticularinterestsoftheprovinceorthetownbyitsrespectivecorporation,withtheprincipleofpopularanddirectelectionasthebasisfortheconstitutionofthesame.2.Disclosureofthesessionsoftheassemblies,withintheboundsprovidedforunderthelaw.3.Publicationofthebudget,accountsandimportantagreementsofthesame.4.InterventionoftheGovernmentand,asthecasemaybe,oftheNationalAssembly,inordertopreventprovincesandmunicipalitiesfromexceedingtheirpowerstothedetrimentofgeneralandindividualinterests.5.Establishmentoftheirpowersonmattersoftaxation,inamannerthatallowstheprovincialandmunicipalassembliestoavoidcominginconflictwiththetaxsystemoftheState.
TtuloXIIDelaAdministracindelEstado TitleXIIOntheAdministrationoftheState
Artculo83ElGobiernopresentartodoslosaosalaAsamblealospresupuestosdegastosydeingresos,expresandolasalteracionesquehayahechoenlodelaoanterior,acompaandoalmismotiempounbalancedelultimoejercicioconarregloalaley.CuandolaAsambleaserena,lospresupuestoshabrndepresentarsealamismadentrodelosdiezdassiguientesasureunin.
Article83TheGovernmentshallannuallysubmitthebudgetofexpendituresandrevenuestotheAssembly,indicatingwhateveralterationithasincorporatedinthatofthepreviousyearandattachingthereinabalanceofthelastfiscalyearinaccordancetothelaw.ThebudgetmustbepresentedtotheAssemblyonceitconveneswithinaperiodoftendaysfollowingitsconvocation.
Artculo84Ningnpagopodrhacersesinoconarregloalaleydepresupuestosuotraespecialenlaformaybajola
Article84Nopaymentcanbemadeexceptinaccordancetothelawonbudgetoranyotherspeciallawintheform
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responsabilidadquelasleyesdeterminen.
andundertheresponsibilityestablishedunderthelaws.
Artculo85ElGobiernonecesitaestarautorizadoporunaleyparadisponerdelosbienesypropiedadesdelEstado,yparatomarcaudalesaprstamosobreelcrditodelaNacin.
Article85TheGovernmentmustbeauthorizedbyaspeciallawinordertodisposethegoodsandpropertiesoftheState,andtoborrowmoneyusingthecreditoftheNation.
Artculo86LadeudapblicaquesecontraigaporelGobiernodelaRepblica,conarregloaestaConstitucin,estarbajolasalvaguardiaespecialdelaNacin.Noseharningnemprstitosinquesevotenalmismotiempolosrecursosnecesariosparapagarlo.
Article86WhateverpublicdebtincurredbytheGovernmentoftheRepublic,inaccordancetothisConstitution,shallbeunderthespecialsafeguardoftheNation.Noloanshallbesecuredwithoutdeterminingatthesametimethenecessaryresourcestopayit.
Artculo87Todaslasleyesreferentesaingresosgastospblicosocrditopblicoseconsiderarncomopartedelasdepresupuestosysepublicarnconestecarcter.
Article87Alllawspertainingtorevenues,publicexpendituresorpubliccreditshallbeconsideredpartofthelawsonbudget,andshallbepublishedassuch.
ARTCULO88LaAsambleafijartodoslosaos,apropuestadelPresidentedelaRepblica,lasfuerzasmilitaresdemarytierra.
Article88TheAssemblyshalldetermine,upontherecommendationofthePresidentoftheRepublic,themilitaryforcesatseaandonland.
TtuloXIIIDelaReformadelaConstitucin TitleXIIIOnConstitutionalReform
Artculo89LaAsamblea,porsoapropuestadelPresidentedelaRepblica,podracordarlareformadelaConstitucinsealandoalefecto,elartculooartculosquehayandemodificarse.
Article89TheAssembly,onitsownorupontherecommendationofthePresidentoftheRepublic,canresolvetoamendtheConstitution,indicatingtosucheffectthearticleorarticlesthatshouldbemodified.
Artculo90Hechaestadeclaracin,elPresidentedelaRepblicadisolverlaAsamblea,yconvocarlaconstituyentequesereunirdentrodelostresmesessiguientes.Enlaconvocatoriaseinsertarlaresolucindequehableelartculoanterior.
Article90Aftersuchdeclarationhasbeenmade,thePresidentoftheRepublicshalldissolvetheAssembly,andconveneaconstituentbody,whichshallmeetwithinthenextthreemonths.Intheconvocation,theresolutionmentionedintheprecedingarticleshallbeinserted.
TtuloXIVDelaObservanciayJuramentoConstitucionalydelosIdiomas
TitleIXOnConstitutionalObservanceandOathofOffice,andonLanguages
Artculo91ElPresidentedelaRepblica,el Article91ThePresidentoftheRepublic,the
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Gobierno,laAsambleaytodoslosciudadanosfilipinosguardarnfielmentelaConstitucinyelPoderLegislativo,inmediatamentedespusdeaprobarlaleydepresupuestos,examinarsilaConstitucinhasidoexactamenteobservadaysisusinfraccionesestncorregidas,proveyendoloconvenienteparaquesehagaefectivalaresponsabilidaddelosinfractores.
Government,theAssemblyandallFilipinocitizensshallfaithfullyupholdtheConstitution.Thelegislativepower,immediatelyaftertheapprovalofthelawonbudgets,shallexamineiftheConstitutionhasbeenpreciselyobservedandifitsinfractionsarecorrected,providingforwhateverisconvenientinordertoimposeresponsibilityontheoffenders.
Artculo92ElPresidentedelaRepblicaytodoslosdemsfuncionariosdelaNacinnopodrnentrarenelejerciciodesusfuncionessinprestarjuramento.EstejuramentoseprestarporelPresidentedelaRepblicaantelaAsambleaNacional.LosdemsfuncionariosdelaNacinloprestarnantelasautoridadesquedeterminenlasleyes.
Article92ThePresidentoftheRepublicandallotherpublicofficialsoftheNationcannotassumetheexerciseoftheirpowerswithouttakinganoathofoffice.SuchoathshallbetakenbythePresidentoftheRepublicbeforetheNationalAssembly.OtherpublicofficialsoftheNationalshalltakeitbeforetheauthoritiesdeterminedunderthelaw.
Artculo93ElempleodelaslenguasusadasenFilipinasespotestativo.Nopuederegularsesinoporlaleyysolamenteparalosactosdelaautoridadpblicaylosasuntosjudiciales.Paraestosactosseusarporahoralalenguacastellana.
Article93TheuseofthelanguagesspokeninthePhilippinesshallnotbecompulsory.Itcannotberegulatedexceptbyvirtueoflawandonlyforactsofpublicauthorityandjudicialaffairs.Onsuchoccasions,theSpanishlanguageshalltemporarilybeused.
DISPOSICIONESTRANSITORIAS TRANSITORYPROVISIONS
Artculo94nterinysinperjuiciodelosdispuestoenelartculo48ylascomisionesquenombrelaAsambleaparaqueredactenysometanalamismalasleyesorgnicasparaeldesenvolvimientoyaplicacindelosderechosotorgadosalosciudadanosfilipinosyparaelrgimendelospoderespblicosenelladeterminados,seconsiderarnleyesdelaRepblicalasquesehallabanvigentesenestasIslasantesdelaemancipacindelasmismas.IgualmenteseconsideranvigenteslasdisposicionesdelCdigoCivilrespectoalmatrimonioyregistrocivil,suspendidasporelGobiernoGeneraldeestasIslas,la
Article94InthemeantimeandwithoutprejudicetotheprovisionmentionedinArticle48andthecommissionsnamedbytheAssemblytodraftandtransmittheorganiclawstothesameforthedevelopmentandapplicationoftherightsgrantedtoFilipinocitizensandforthegovernanceofthepublicpowersguaranteedtherein,thoselawsprevailingintheseislandsbeforetheiremancipationshallbeconsideredlawsoftheRepublic.Likewise,theprovisionsoftheCivilCodeasregardscivilmarriagesandregistry,suspendedbytheGovernorGeneraloftheseislands,aswellastheInstructionissuedon
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Instruccinde26deabrilde1888parallevaraejecucinlosartculos77,78,79y82dedichoCdigo,laleydelRegistroCivilde17dejunio1870aqueserefiereelartculo332delmismo,yelReglamentode13dediciembresiguienteparalaejecucindeestaley,sinperjuiciodequelosjefeslocalescontinenencargadosdelasinscripcionesenelRegistroCivileintervenganenlacelebracindelmatrimoniodeloscatlicos.
26April1888fortheexecutionofArticles77,78,79and82oftheaforesaidCode,theLawonCivilRegistrydated17June1870andreferredtoinArticle332ofthesame,andtheRegulationissuedthefollowing13Decemberfortheexecutionofthislaw,shallallbeconsideredinforce,withoutprejudicetolocaladministratorswhocontinuetomanageinscriptionsintheCivilRegistryandinterveneinthecelebrationofmarriageamongCatholics.
Artculo95Mientrasnoestnaprobadasyrijanlasleyesaqueserefiereelartculoanteriorpodrnmodificarseporalgunaleyespeciallasdisposicionesdelasleyesespaolesquedichoartculoponeenrigorprovisionalmente.
Article95Whilethelawsreferredtointheprecedingarticlearenotyetapprovedandputineffect,theprovisionoftheSpanishlawsthatthesaidarticletemporarilyenforcesmaybemodifiedbyvirtueofaspeciallaw.
Artculo96PromulgadaslasleyesquelaAsambleaapruebeconarreglodeartculo94,elGobiernodelaRepblicaquedafacultadoparadictarlosdecretosyreglamentosnecesariosparalainmediataconstitucindetodoslosorganismosdelEstado.
Article96OncethelawsthattheAssemblyapprovesarepromulgatedinaccordancetoArticle94,theGovernmentoftheRepublicshallbeauthorizedtoimposedecreesandregulationsnecessaryfortheimmediateorganizationofalltheofficesoftheState.
Artculo97ElactualPresidentedelGobiernoRevolucionariotomardesdeluegoelttulodePresidentedelaRepblicayejercerestecargohastaqueunavezconvocadalaAsambleaconstituyente,procedaalaeleccindelquehadeejercerelcargodefinitivamente.
Article97TheincumbentPresidentoftheRevolutionaryGovernmentshallimmediatelyassumethetitleofPresidentoftheRepublic,andshallperformthedutiesoftheofficeuntiltheConstituentAssemblyhasbeenconvenedandproceedstotheelectionofthepersonwhoshallassumethepositiondefinitively.
Artculo98EsteCongreso,conlosmiembrosquelocomponenyvayanviniendoporsufragioopordecreto,durarcuatroaos,osea,todalapresentelegislatura,empezandostael15deabrilprximovenidero.
Article98ThisCongress,withthememberswhoalreadycomposeitandwhoeverelseshouldjoineitherthroughelectionorthroughdecree,shallhaveatermoffouryears,orinotherwords,fortheentiredurationofthepresentlegislaturethatstartsthiscoming15April.
Artculo99Noobstantelareglageneral Article99Notwithstandingthegeneralrule
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establecidaenelprrafo2delartculo4nterintengaelpasquelucharporsuindependencia,quedafacultadoelGobiernopararesolverdurantelaclausuradelCongresolascuestionesydificultadesnoprevistasporlasleyesquesuscitenacontecimientosimprevistos,mediantedecretosdequedarconocimientoalaComisinPermanenteycuentaalaAsambleaenlaprimerareuninquesecelebreconarregloalospreceptosdeestaConstitucin.
establishedinParagraph2ofArticle4whilethecountryneedstofightforitsindependence,theGovernmentshallbeauthorizedduringtherecessofCongresstoresolvewhateverissuesanddifficultiesnotprovidedforunderthelaws,whichunforeseeneventsmaycause,bymeansofdecreesthatshallbebroughttotheknowledgeofthePermanentCommissionandshallbereportedtotheAssemblyinthefirstmeetingthatwillbecalledinaccordancetothepreceptsofthisConstitution.
Artculo100SesuspendehastalareunindelaAsambleaconstituyentelaejecucindelArtculo5,Ttulo3.Entretantolosmunicipiosdelospueblosquerequieranelministerioespiritualdealgnsacerdotefilipino,proveernalamanutencinnecesariadelmismo.
Article100TheexecutionofArticle5,Title3shallbesuspendeduntilthemeetingoftheConstituentAssembly.Meanwhile,themunicipalgovernmentsofthetownthatmayrequirethespiritualministryofaFilipinopriestshallprovidehimwiththenecessarysupport.
Artculo101Noobstantelodispuestoenlosartculos62y63,lasleyesdevueltasporelPresidentedelaRepblicaalCongresonopodrnreproducirsesinoenlalegislaturadelaosiguiente,quedandoestasuspensinbajolaresponsabilidaddelPresidenteysuConsejodeGobierno.Hechalareproduccinenestascondiciones,serobligatoriasupromulgacindentrodediezdas,haciendoconstarelPresidentesunoconformidad.Silareproduccinsehiciereenlegislaturasulteriores,setendrcomoleyvotadaporprimeravez.
Article101NotwithstandingtheprovisioninArticles62and63,thelawsthatthePresidentoftheRepublicreturnstoCongresscannotbepassedexceptinthelegislativetermofthefollowingyear,withthissuspensionremainingundertheresponsibilityofthePresidentandhisCouncilofGovernment.Oncetheyarerepassedundertheseconditions,theirpromulgationshallbeobligatorywithintendays,withthePresidentmanifestinghisnonconformity.Shouldthelawbereapprovedinsubsequentlegislations,itshallbeconsideredalawapprovedforthefirsttime.
ArtculoAdicionalSeentiendenrestituidosalEstadofilipinodesdeelda24mayoultimoquesehaconstituidoelGobiernoDictatorialenCavite,todaslashaciendas,edificiosydemsbienesquetenanlascorporacionesreligionesenestasIslas.
AdditionalArticleItisunderstoodthatallparcelsofland,buildingsandotherpropertiesthatreligiousordersusedtoownintheseislandshavebeenrestoredtothePhilippineStateonthe24thdayofMayoflastyear,whentheDictatorialGovernmentofCavitehasbeenconstituted.
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Barasoain,veintedeenerodemilochocientosnoventaynueve.
InBarasoain,onthe20thdayofJanuary,eighteenhundredandninetynine.
ElPresidentedelCongreso.PEDROA.PATERNO.
ThePresidentofCongress.PEDROA.PATERNO.
LosSecretarios,PABLOTECSON.PABLOOCAMPO.
TheSecretaries,PABLOTECSON.PABLOOCAMPO.
Source:InstitutoCervantesofManila(http://manila.cervantes.es/en/default.shtm)
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