Download - Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups
![Page 1: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups
These 3 groups are unresolved
![Page 2: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ranunculaceae
Papaveraceae
Berberidaceae
Platanaceae
![Page 3: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Platanaceae
Ranunculaceae
Papaveraceae
Berberidaceae
Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots
![Page 4: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Platanaceae
Portulacaceae Polygonaceae
Ranunculaceae
Papaveraceae
Berberidaceae
Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots
Basal Core Eudicots
![Page 5: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
VitaceaePlatanaceae
Portulacaceae Polygonaceae
Ranunculaceae
Papaveraceae
Berberidaceae
Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots
Hamamelidaceae
Basal Rosids
![Page 6: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
VitaceaePlatanaceae
Portulacaceae Polygonaceae
Ranunculaceae
Papaveraceae
Berberidaceae
Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots
Hamamelidaceae
Violaceae Salicaceae
Rosaceae Ulmaceae
Fagaceae Betulaceae Juglandaceae
Eurosids I
![Page 7: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
VitaceaePlatanaceae
Portulacaceae Polygonaceae
Ranunculaceae
Papaveraceae
Berberidaceae
Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots
Hamamelidaceae
Violaceae Salicaceae
Rosaceae Ulmaceae
Fagaceae Betulaceae Juglandaceae
Malvaceae Anacardiaceae Sapindaceae
Eurosids II
![Page 8: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cornaceae
Ericaceae Sarraceniaceae
Rubiaceae
Apiaceae
Asteraceae
Caprifoliaceae Adoxaceae
*Basal
Euasterids I
Euasterids II
![Page 9: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bogs
Sphagnum
Ericaceae
Sarraceniaceae
![Page 10: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sphagnum Moss
Note distinct “heads”.
Sphagnum gains cations (nutrients) and acidifies the water through cation exchange.
![Page 11: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sphagnum moss
The stalks with capsules are the sporophytes
Note distinct “heads” at ends of stems.
Capsules are audibly explosive-- developing pressures of up to 2 atm and dispersing spores as far as 15 cm!
.
![Page 12: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Contents of capsule shrink causing pressure build up, the spores are discharge all at once-- EXPLOSIVELY
![Page 13: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Time lapse
![Page 14: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aH.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 15: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aH.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Sphagnum at 1,000 fps >15cm heights
![Page 16: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Sphagnum capsule at 10,000 fps
![Page 17: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Sphagnum’s air gun is very effective:
Velocity = 13 m/s = 29 mph!!
Acceleration > 105 g
Timescale < 1/30,000 s
Pressure ~ 5 atm ??
Sphagnum capsule at 10,000 fps
![Page 18: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chamaedaphne calyculata - Leatherleaf -Ericaceae has Wintergreen Leaves
http://68.61.32.46/Wild%20Flowers/
![Page 21: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu
Chamaedaphne calyculata - note typical urn shaped flowers (typical of many Ericaceae), fused petals (typical of the sympetalae)
![Page 22: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Chamaedaphne calyculata - Leatherleaf -Ericaceae. Note undersides of leaves are rust colored.
![Page 23: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vaccinium corymbosum, High Bush Blueberry, Ericaceae. Deciduous leaves, typical urn-shaped flowers, Ericoid mycorrhizae.
![Page 24: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Vaccinium angustifolium - Common Low Bush Blueberry - Ericaceae
![Page 25: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Vaccinium angustifolium, Low Bush Blueberry, Ericaceae
Fruits are a true berry!
![Page 26: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kalmia polifolia Bog Laurel Ericaceae
Pink bell-shaped flowers with “sprung” stamens in pockets of the corolla.
Opposite, revolute leaves.
In the phyllodocoid clade in the Ericaceae
![Page 27: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kalmia polifolia, Bog Laurel, Ericaceae.
Note reflexed stamens in pockets (3 have been sprung)
![Page 28: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Kalmia angustifolia
Note flowers in the whorl just below the top.
Leaves are broad and typically in whorls of 3.
![Page 29: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Kalmia angustifolia - note stamens are under tension, bending back into the corolla pockets
![Page 30: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Kalmia angustifolia
![Page 31: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Andromeda glaucophylla - Bog Rosemary - Ericaceae
Note alternate leaves.
![Page 33: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Andromeda glaucophylla blossoms are white tinged with pink.
Note: alternate, revolute leaves and bell shaped flowers with long white pedicel.
![Page 34: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Andromeda glaucophylla, Bog Rosemary, Ericaceae
http://68.61.32.46/Wild%20Flowers/
![Page 35: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Andromeda glaucophylla
Bog Rosemary
Alternate leaves
Ericacaceae
![Page 36: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ledum groenlandicum, Labrador Tea, Ericaceae
http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/ledumgroe.html
Dense Hairs on Undersides of Leaves
![Page 37: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Gaultheria procumbens, Wintergreen, Ericaceae
![Page 38: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Epigaea repens, Trailing Arbutus or Mayflower, Ericaceae, State Flower of Massachusetts, Protected. Note oval leaves and paired white flowers (which turn pink with age).
![Page 39: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vaccinium macrocarpon (closely related to V. oxycoccus, the small cranberry which we will see at the bog)
Large Cranberry
Ericaceae
![Page 40: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Vaccinium macrocarpon, Large Cranberry, Ericaceae Fruit = Berry (In the bog we will see V. oxycoccus, the small cranberry)
![Page 41: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cranberry field at harvest time.
![Page 42: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Harvesting Cranberries
![Page 43: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ericoid mycorrhizae in Gaultheria. The dark blobs are the fungus in the root.
Ericoid mycorrhizae- cross section. Note few fungal hyphae on the root surface.
![Page 44: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ericoid mycorrhizae in Leucopogon juniperus (Epacridacaceae- a southern hemisphere heath family)
![Page 45: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ectomycorrhizae (fungus roots) on Pinus strobus.
Fungal hyphae (Amanita muscaria)
X-section showing thick mantle of fungus
![Page 46: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sarraceniaceae
![Page 47: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Sarracenia leaves = pitchers
![Page 48: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Sarracenia purpurea
Pitcher Plant
Sarraceniaceae
Note downward pointing hairs and purple venation.
![Page 49: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Sarracenia purpurea flower
Note peltate style
![Page 50: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Stephanomeria exigua
Parent SpeciesStephanomeria malheurensis
Selfing Species
Asteraceae
![Page 51: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Mimulus lewisii (low to mid-elevation)
Bee pollinated
Pink petals
Landing Platform
Small Amounts of nectar
![Page 52: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Mimulus cardinalis (mid to high elevation)
(Bird Pollinated)
Reflexed petals, no landing platform
Large amounts of nectar
Red Petals
![Page 53: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
F1 Hybrid
Cross between Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis
![Page 54: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
F2 generation plants were placed in a grid in the field and scored for pollinators.
•Yellow pigment reduces visits by bees.
•High nectar volume increases
visits by birds.
How might shifts in pollinators affect speciation rates?
![Page 55: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Two different pollinators acting on one species could result in reproductive isolation and speciation
![Page 56: Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351f550346895d9c7fb4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
? ? ? ?
Back up systems in angiosperms may predispose a species for further speciation
? ?