Download - Test Review 12/8
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Review Questions
Chapter 8: Relative Dating, Absolute Dating, Fossils
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This principle states that geologic processes are the same today as
they were in the past but the RATES of the processes vary over time
Uniformitarianism
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This branch of Earth Science studies the history
of the Earth
Earth Science
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What does a Paleontologist study?
Fossils
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When you determine whether an object or event is older or
younger than other objects/events, you are finding the object’s ___________ Age.
Relative
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This law states that younger rocks lie above
older rocks in undisturbed rock layers.Superposition
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A break in the earth’s crust along which blocks of crust
slide relative to one another
Fault
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Molten rock from Earth’s interior that squeezes into
existing rock layers and cools
Intrusion
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This type of rock disturbance occurs when
rock layers bend and buckle from Earth’s
internal forcesFolding
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This disturbance occurs when internal forces in the
earth slant rock layers without folding them
Tilting
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Hardened tree sap that sometimes has the
preserved remains of insects
Amber
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The number of years an object has existed
Absolute Age
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Remains or traces of animals or plants that lived
in past geologic times
Fossils
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This occurs when an organism’s tissues are
completely replaced by minerals
Petrification
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Any naturally preserved evidence of an animal’s
activity
Trace Fossil
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A type of trace fossil that is made from preserved
animal feces or dung & can provide information about the habits/diet of animals
that left themCoprolite
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An empty space/cavity in rock where a plant or
animal was buried
Mold
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A replica of an object that is created when sediment fills a mold and becomes
rock
Cast
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The boundary between a set of tilted rock layers and
a set of horizontal layers
Angular Unconformity
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Atoms of the same element that have
different numbers of neutrons
Isotopes
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Fossils of organisms that lived during a short, well-defined time span and are only found in rock layers of
a particular geologic ageIndex Fossils
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The earth’s age, according to geologists
4.6 Billion years old
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The law that states that faults/intrusions are
always younger than the rock layers they cut
throughLaw of Crosscutting
Relationships
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Saying one rock is older or younger than another rock
but not saying its age in years
Relative Age
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Principle that states that sedimentary rocks left
undisturbed will remain in horizontal layers
Principle of Original Horizontality
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A break in the geologic rock record
Unconformity
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List 3 methods of absolute dating besides Radiometric
DatingRates of Erosion
Rates of DepositionVarve Count
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List two reasons Radiometric Dating is the
most accurate methodDoesn’t depend on
EnvironmentRates don’t vary over time
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The original radioactive isotope
Parent Isotope
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The newly formed, more stable isotope that forms during radioactive decay
Daughter Isotope
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The time it takes for ½ the mass of parent isotope to
decay into its daughter isotopeHalf Life
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If you have 16 g of radioactive parent isotope,
how much parent/daughter isotope will you have after 3 half
lives?2 g of Parent
14 g of Daughter
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This parent isotope decays into Lead-206, has a half
life of 4.5 billion years, and is used to date rock that is
really old
Uranium 238
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This parent isotope decays into Nitrogen-14, has a half
life of 5,730 years, and is used to date rock that is
relatively young
Carbon-14
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Sue was found in this state
South Dakota
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Sue was the most _______ T.rex ever found
Complete
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WHO was Sue the T.rex named after?
The woman who found her
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Who bought Sue and for how much?
Chicago’s Field Museum$8 Million