Download - Term1 unit2 pt1
European Coloniza.on of North America
1. What mo.vated Europeans to se<le North America?
2. Where and why Did the Dutch and French se<le in
North America? Textbook Reference: Chapter 3 Sec.on 3
“I Can” Checklist
q I can explain how differences and compe..on led to conflict between European powers in North America
q I can iden.fy key individuals who contributed to explora.on
q I can explain the impact on Na.ve Americans
Key Terms and Concepts
• 1500s-‐1600s • Henry Hudson, Samuel de Champlain, Peter Minuit, New France, New Netherland
• Northwest Passage, coureur de bois, fur trading, alliance, missionaries, Protestant Reforma.on, Mar.n Luther, Hudson River, St. Lawrence River, New Orleans
During the era of explora.on, the Spanish established an empire in
North and South America. Following Spain's example, England,
France, and the Netherlands set out to establish colonies in North America.
Where did European na.ons explore and set up colonies in
North America?
England
• John Cabot 1497 • First to reach the northern coast of North America since the Vikings. Claimed to have found a “new-‐found island” in Asia.
• England spends the rest of the century stealing from other countries ships and searching for a northwest passage in the area Cabot mapped out
John Cabot
Northwest Passage
• A waterway through or around North America that was never found.
• Eventually Europe started thinking about profi.ng from the regions rich natural resources instead of going to Asia
England
• Henry Hudson 1610-‐1611
• Leads the explora.on far north into what is now called Hudson bay.
• Hudson, his son, and a few supporters are stranded there by his crew during a mu.ny, and are never heard from again.
The Netherlands
• Henry Hudson 1609 • While sailing for the Dutch, he entered New York Harbor and con.nued to sail 150 miles up what is now called the Hudson River
The Hudson River
New Netherland
• Peter Minuit 1626 • Bought Manha<an Island from American Indians and started a trading post at the mouth of the Hudson River called New Amsterdam. Other Dutch colonists se<led up and down the river-‐ the area was called New Netherland
Peter Minuit
New Netherland
• New Amsterdam quickly grew into a busy port • The Dutch welcomed people from all over Europe into their colony
• In 1655 they took over the colony of New Sweden
• The Dutch excelled in trading and taking resources such as .mber and furs from their se<lements
New Amsterdam
France
• Giovanni da Verrazano 1524 • An Italian explorer sent by France. He is the first to navigate and map the East coast from the Carolinas to Canada
• Jacques Car.er ( kar tee yay)1534-‐36 • Leads his crew more than halfway up the Canadian river we now call the St. Lawrence
Giovanni da Verrazano
Jacques Car.er
St. Lawrence River
New France
• Samuel de Champlain 1605 • Founded Port Royal, the first permanent French se<lement in North America
• Three years later he followed Car.er’s route up the St. Lawrence and built a trading post known as Quebec
Samuel de Champlain
New France
• Unlike Spain’s Empire, New France had li<le gold or silver. Instead they profited from fishing, trapping, and trading
• The French colonists who lived and worked in the woods became known as Coureurs de bois (Koo RYOOR Duh BWAH) or “runners of the woods”
• These fur trappers and traders established friendly rela.onships with American Indians
New France
• They did not interfere with Indian land as much as the English because they weren’t farmers
• They provided American Indians with valuable European made goods
• The Na.ve Americans taught them how to survive and trap
• The beaver skins and other furs were sold for a high price in Europe through the fur trade
New France • Catholic missionaries olen accompanied the Coureurs de bois in order to convert American Indians. They olen made maps and wrote journals and le<ers describing their journeys
New Orleans
• Jacques Marque<e and Louis Joliet 1673 • A missionary and a fur trader followed the St Lawrence to the Great Lakes then they followed the Mississippi river for more than 700 miles with the help of American Indian guides.
• New Orleans is built to send goods to Europe and keep other European na.ons out of French territory
Coloniza.on, Compe..on and Effects on Na.ve Americans
• The Protestant Reforma.on: In 1517, Mar.n Luther publicly challenged many of the prac.ces of the Catholic Church. This eventually led to many different Chris.an churches being formed in Western Europe.
• European na.ons are figh.ng in Europe and the colonists bring their religious struggle with them to the Americas
Coloniza.on, Compe..on and Effects on Na.ve Americans
• The English, Dutch and the French competed for land and domina.on of the fur trade.
• This led to violent clashes between them and their Indian allies (Alliance)
• The Huron fought for the French and the Iroquois fought for the Dutch
• The Europeans encouraged the Na.ve Americans to fight each other
• The Beaver popula.on was almost wiped out in New York and parts of Canada
Effects on Na.ve Americans
• European goods also altered Na.ve American life in dras.c ways
• Alcohol, muskets and gunpowder and copper ke<les
• The French, Dutch, and English all seized Indian lands
• Forcing them to move westward into the lands of other Na.ve Americans
Alcohol and the Fur Trade
Why did European na.ons se<le in North America?
Religious compe..on Economic compe..on
Where did European na.ons originally se<le in North America?
New Netherlands
New France and English Colonies
From the Hudson Bay to the St. Lawrence River in Canada
The Hudson River in New York and
all along the East Coast