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Robert P Weinberg
DayCon 2016
The Future of Motion:Technologies for Prosthetic Limbs
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Our Roadmap
1. Normal body motion – the muscles
2. Synthetic body motion – prosthetic limbs
a. History of prostheses
b. Technology for prosthetic limbs
3. Daily life with a prosthesis
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There are over 700 muscles in the human body
Netter, Musculoskeletal System
(skeletal muscles)
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Muscles produce movement through contraction
Bill Geiger, Muscle and Fitness
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Switchboard in brain sends electric impulse to muscle
www.pixelatedbrain.com
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Sarcomeres - actin & myosin filaments contract
Guyton’s Textbook of Physiology
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Muscle contracting
www.youtube.com
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Questions?
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Roadmap
1. Normal body motion – the muscles
2. Synthetic body motion – prosthetic limbs
a. History of prostheses
b. Technology for prosthetic limbs
3. Daily life with a prosthesis
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Evolution of limb prostheses over the centuries
Kim Norton, A Brief History of Prosthetics
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Prosthetic limbs with improved function
ExploraVision Project Website
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From stick to robotic limb
ExploraVision Project Website
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3,000-year old prosthetic toe of Egyptian noblewoman
Alexis Douglas, Advancement of Prostheses throughout history
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French Surgeon James Bertrand Ambroise Pare
Commons.wikimedia.org
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Our Roadmap
1. Normal body motion – the muscles
2. Synthetic body motion – prosthetic limbs
a. History of prostheses
b. Technology for prosthetic limbs
3. Daily life with a prosthesis
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How to engineer a prosthetic limb
• Basic parts should include:
– Sensors – to detect intended motion
– Microprocessor – to integrate input and output
– Motors – to move mechanical parts
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Basic parts of earlier prosthetic arm/hand
Alexis Douglas, Advancement of Prostheses throughout history
sensors
microprocessor
motor
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Muscles generate impulses to direct robotic arm
Editor, Medgadget.com
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Prosthetic sensors and microprocessor
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
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Myoelectric prosthesis
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Newer prostheses can be controlled directly by the brain
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
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Artificial muscles from chemical polymers which contract with current
Drs Olazabal and Sansinena
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Polymer contracting to left then to right upon application of electric current
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Questions?
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Our Roadmap
1. Normal body motion – the muscles
2. Synthetic body motion – prosthetic limbs
a. History of prostheses
b. Technology for prosthetic limbs
3. Daily life with a prosthesis
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Advanced DARPA bionic arm
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
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Playing soccer with prosthetic legs
Jane Irving, Forbes
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Running races with prosthetic legs
Chelsea Whyte, New Scientist
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Paralympic sprinters running race
Chelsea Whyte, New Scientist
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Rock climbing with 2 prosthetic legs!
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Advanced prosthetic leg following shark attack
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
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Champion fuzzboll player with 2 prosthetic arms
Wikipedia – “prosthesis”
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Prosthetic legs from age 1 through 4 years
Hogan and Herr, Augmenting Humanity
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“I’ll be back”Arnold Schwarznegger, “The Terminator”
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Questions?
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Thank you!SITN would like to acknowledge the following
organizations for their generous support.
Harvard Medical SchoolOffice of Communications and External Relations
Division of Medical Sciences
The Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS)
The Harvard Graduate Student Council (GSC)
The Harvard Biomedical Graduate Students Organization (BGSO)
The Harvard/MIT COOP