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Teachers and the Law
MARK WALSH, MANAGER, LABOUR
RELATIONS AND LEGAL SERVICES, SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 61
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The Goals Today….
To highlight common law responsbilities of teachers
To review the legislative framework that governs teachers1
2 To discuss emerging issues in the law
3
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Legislative Framework for Teachers
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Introduction
Public School Legislation Private School Legislation Legislation of General Application
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Public School Teachers
School Act Defines legal rights and duties
Teachers, students, parents, administrators Boards, Ministry of Education
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Public School Teachers – School Act
Teachers’ Responsibilities
17 (1) A teacher’s responsibilities include designing, supervising and assessing educational programs and instructing, assessing and evaluating individual students and groups of students.
(2) Teachers must perform the duties set out in the regulations.
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Public School Teachers – School Act
Conduct
76 (1) All schools and Provincial schools must be conducted on strictly secular and non-sectarian principles.
(2) The highest morality must be inculcated, but no religious dogma or creed is to be taught in a school or Provincial school.
(3) The discipline of a student while attending an educational program made available by a board or a Provincial school must be similar to that of a kind, firm and judicious parent, but must not include corporal punishment.
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Public School Teachers – School Act
• Section 91: Requirement to report student with communicable disease or emotional disorder that endangers others in the system.
• Section 94 and 95: Limitation of liability and indemnity.
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Public School Teachers – School Regulation
Teachers must (Section 4): Encourage attendance. Keep records as required by the Ministry and the
Board. Attend meetings called by the Principal and
Superintendent. Supervision. Educational services. Etc.
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Public School Teachers – Other Stakeholders School Act
Principals (ss. 20, 26 and Reg. 5) Appointment, powers and duties.
Students (ss. 2, 6 and 82) Who is a student, duties and rights, access and fees.
Parents (ss. 7, 9 and 11) Informational, participatory and appeal rights Right and responsibility to meet with teacher.
Volunteers (s. 7.1) Right to volunteer.
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Public School Teachers
Teachers Act: Teachers in public schools must be certified or
have letters of permission. The Teacher Regulation Branch has power to
issue and cancel certificates of qualification Standards set by TRB. The TRB also has power to impose discipline.
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Public School Teachers - Employment
Public Education Labour Relations Act (PELRA) and Labour Relations Code govern: Collective Bargaining. Strikes. Local and Provincial bargaining matters.
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Private School Teachers
Independent School Act: Governs private schools. Allows for different classes of schools. Evaluation of schools by government
appointed inspector. Standards set by ISTCSC.
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Criminal Record Review Act: Requires all employees working with children
to have criminal record check. Checks on teachers conducted by Teacher
Regulation Branch. Where criminal charge, may not be able to
continue working.
General Legislation
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Child, Family and Community Service Act: Obligation to report a child in need of
protection. Defines “in need of protection”. Includes physical, sexual, and emotional
abuse. Provides ability to confidentially report.
General Legislation
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Human Rights Code: Prohibits discrimination in the provision
of educational services (s. 8) – students. Prohibits discrimination in employment (s. 13)
– teachers/support staff. Both parents and students are increasingly
relying on the Code.
General Legislation
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Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act: (Public) Provides protection for personal information for
students and for employees. Provides right of access to public information.
Personal Information Protection Act: (Private) Governs collection, use and disclosure of personal
information. Individual access to personal information.
General Legislation - Privacy
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Workers’ Compensation Act: Health and safety of workers. Certain workplace mandatory requirements
(e.g. Bullying and Harassment awareness). Family Law Act
Guardianship, Parenting time. Employment Standards Act
General Legislation
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Criminal Code Provides a defense to charge of assault to
teachers and parents (s. 43): Allows use of reasonable force.
Corporal punishment prohibited under School Act (s. 76).
General Legislation
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Emerging Issues
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Technology Issues for teachers Student safety
Human Rights Special needs
Tips
Emerging Issues
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Boundaries “Friending”
Harassment Communication with parents
Social Media Policies on use of technology Misconduct
Technology - Teachers
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Social Media and students Sexting Bullying
Student Codes of Conduct Student Safety
Technology - Students
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Review District and/or school policies on communications with students.
Generally restrict communications with students to school and curriculum related subjects.
Ensure your privacy settings are as limiting as possible.
Technology - Tips
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Be aware of school and/or District employee Codes of Conduct and technology policies.
The “Front Page” rule. FIPPA/PIPA.
Technology - Tips
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Right to educational program Programming Resources
Discrimination and schools Accessing programs (physical issues) Accommodate minor issues (P.E., lunch time
etc.)
Human Rights
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Controversial practices Isolation Restraint
Human Rights
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Be aware of IEPS Communication with parents Perception, perception, perception
Human Rights - Tips
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Common law framework for teachers
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• The common law• Issues of negligence• Expectations of conduct
Common law and teacher
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Physical education Industrial education/Tech Ed Supervision Field trips
Negligence and Teachers
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Teachers have under the common law: Duty to care for students. Standard of Care - reasonable prudent
parent. Reasonable foreseeability.
Negligence and Teachers
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Teachers have under the common law: Higher standard expected of teachers. Must ensure confidence in the education
system.
Conduct expectations
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“The behaviour of the teacher must satisfy the expectations which the British Columbia community holds for the educational system. Teachers
must maintain the confidence and respect of their superiors, their peers, and in particular, the students, and those who send their
children to our public schools. Teachers must not only be competent, but they are expected to lead by example….
Shewan v. Abbotsford School District No. 34, [1987] B.C.J. No. 2495
Conduct expectations
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…Any loss of confidence or respect will impair the system, and have an adverse effect upon those who participate in or rely upon it. That is why
a teacher must maintain a standard of behaviour which most other citizens need not observe because they do not have such public
responsibilities to fulfil”
Shewan v. Abbotsford School District No. 34, [1987] B.C.J. No. 2495
Conduct expectations
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You need to have a basic understanding of your legal rights and responsibilities.
The legal framework for teachers is multifaceted. Many resources are available:
Your Principal Unions or Associations Teacher Regulations Branch
Concluding Thoughts
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Teachers and the Law
MARK WALSH, MANAGER, LABOUR
RELATIONS