Download - Syllable and Word stress
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Syllable and Syllable Stress
Vasundhara Rawat
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Examination
Kindergarten
Chimpanzee
Fonder
Rat
Now try breaking each word into parts and pronounce again.
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• Ig-za-mi-na-tion• Kin-der-gar-ten• Chim-pan-zee• Fon-der• Rat
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May be on the basis of i , a , o ,u , e sounds?
You may wonder we have a name for this:-Yes, ‘Syllable’ .
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What is a Syllable?A syllable is the sound of a vowel
that is created while pronouncing the letters A, E, I, O, U and their combinations.
We can say that,The number of times that you hear the sound
of a vowel is the number of syllables in a word.
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20 vowel sounds 12 monophthongs
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and 8 Dipthongs
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Words can be mono-syllabic and polysyllabic.
ExaminationIg-za-mi-na-tion 5 syllabic
KindergartenKin-der-gar-ten 4 syllabic
Chimpanzee Chim-pan-zee 3 syllabic
Fonder Fon-der 2 syllabic
RatRat Mono syllabic
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Word stressAll words that have more than one syllable have word stress .
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How do we give
to a word
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When a syllable is stressed, it is pronounced
longer in duration higher in pitch
louder in volume
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Presentation
A stressed syllable is denoted by placing a stress mark(‘) just before the stressed syllable.
For example, receive will be transcribed as /ri’si:v/
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Look at this
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And this..
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Importance of word stress Mistakes in word stress are a common cause of
misunderstanding in English.
Stressing a word differently can change the meaning or type of the word .
Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to hear and understand.
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On the other hand, knowing the right syllable stress can help you understand the words even in poor audibility.
Fluent English speakers use word stress to communicate rapidly and accurately.
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Look at these words
Photograph
Photographer
Photographic
PHO-to-graph
Pho-TO-gra-pher
Pho-to-GRA-phic
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Word stress Rules
We can only stress vowels, not the consonants.
When a multi-syllable word has a long vowel, usually this is stressed.
emplo’yee exam: ig-’zam
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Stress is usually on the first syllable of 2 syllablic nouns
'pen/cil 'a/pple 'prin/ter 'Chi/na And 2 syllable adjectives 'o/pen 'fa/mous ‘cle/ver
'clum/sy Stress is usually on the last or ultimate syllable
of 2 syllable verbs.re/'view de/'cide be/'gin o/'bey
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Examples1• Her ‘conduct is good. (noun)• She con’ducts herself well. (verb)
2•-What is our ‘import policy. (adjective)• We im’port this item from USA (verb)
3•-He was ‘present here yesterday . (adjective)• Please pre’sent your case . (verb)
4•-Tell me the ‘object of your case. (noun)• I ob’ject to your ideas. (verb)
5•What are your ‘subjects of study? (noun)• He was sub’jected to torture. (verb)
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Stress is on the penultimate syllable (penultimate means ‘second from end’) for words with the endings below:
Words ending in -ic 'gra/phic ge/o/'gra/phic, a/'ller/gic, e/'ccen/tric,
al/co/'ho/lic Words ending in -sion and -tion de/mon/'stra/tion, e/du/'ca/tion,
in/for/'ma/tion, a/'dop/tion, Words ending in -ious de/'li/cious, 'glo/rious, 'con/scious,
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Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate means ‘third from end’) for words with the endings below:
Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy de/'mo/cra/cy, de/pen/da/'bi/li/ty, pho/'to/gra/phy, ge/'o/lo/gy, 'sa/ni/ty
Words ending in -al 'cri/ti/cal, ge/o/'lo/gi/cal, 'e/thi/cal
Words ending in -ise 'su/per/vise, 'or/ga/nise, 'e/xer/cise, 'ad/ver/tise, 're/cog/nise
Words ending in -ate co/'mmu/ni/cate, 're/gu/late, a/'ppre/ci/ate, 'cal/cu/late, 'con/cen/trate
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• Examination Ig-za-mi-’na-tion
• Kindergarten ‘Kin-der-gar-ten
• Chimpanzee Chim-pan-’zee
• Fonder ‘Fon-der
• Rat ‘Rat
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THANK YOU!