Download - SUshi
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FSP FSP SUSUSHISHI -- 22
Hazards –
Physical, Chemical, Biological
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ObjectiveObjective
Define what we are talking about
Identify the need of a flow chart
Raise Awareness of Risk Assessment:◦
Physical hazards◦
Chemical hazards◦
Biological hazards
Review characteristics of certain hazards
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Defining what we are talking aboutDefining what we are talking about
Sushi: consisting of cooked vinegared
rice which is
commonly topped with other ingredients, such as vegetables, cream cheese, raw fish, cooked fish, or other seafood products. Commonly put into rolls for easier consumption and artistic presentation.
Sashimi: raw seafood sliced into thin pieces, often served with a dipping sauce or condiments.
Sushi / Sashimi Grade: no clear standards as to what makes raw fish 'sushi grade' or 'sashimi grade' and no FDA definition of the term.
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Flow ChartFlow Chart
Review the menu offering
Identify different product groupings
Determine the ingredients used in each food item
Identify the different steps involved in making a food item
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Flow Chart Flow Chart –– RReeview the Menu Offeringview the Menu Offering
Identify different product groupings:
1.
Raw – Ready to eat (RTE),
2. Raw – marinated (RTE), 3. Partially cooked (RTE), 4. Partially cooked –
marinated (RTE),5. Cooked – (RTE):
Consumption within 4 hours
6.
Cooked –
(RTE): Consumption after 4 hours.
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Flow ChartFlow Chart
Determine the ingredients used in each food item
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Flow ChartFlow Chart –– IIngredient listing ngredient listing
Rice
Vinegar –
Ph
Vegetables
Seafood item◦
Fish: Tuna, salmon, escolar, etc…◦
Roe, caviar, eggs◦
Eel◦
Urchin◦
Crustaceans: Crab, lobster, etc…◦
Surimi: Imitation crab / lobster meat, etc…◦
Shellstock
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Flow ChartFlow Chart –– IIddentify Steps in Each entify Steps in Each
Rice: Receive Storage Measure Rinse Cook Flavor Cool …
Prep
Vinegar: Receive Storage Measure Mix …
Prep
Vegetables: Receive Storage Wash Peel Cut … Prep
Seafood item: Receive Storage (cooler / freezer)
Thaw*
Rinse Portion / Slice Prep Serve
or Package Storage (cooler) Ship Consumer
*??? (How are the fish thawed and what happens to the other portions of the thawed fish?)
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HazardHazard
A physical, chemical, biological or agent that is reasonably likely to cause illness or injury in the absence of its control.
In HACCP, “hazards”
refer to conditions or contaminants in foods
that can cause illness or injury. It does not refer to undesirable conditions or contaminants such as:◦
Insects
◦
Hair
◦
Filth
◦
Spoilage
◦
Economic fraud and
◦
Violations of regulatory food standards not directly related to safety
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Physical HazardPhysical Hazard
Any potentially harmful extraneous matter not normally found in food◦
Glass◦
Wood◦
Stones◦
Metal◦
Plastic
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Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
Naturally Occurring
Intentionally added
Unintentionally added
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Types of Naturally Occurring Types of Naturally Occurring Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
Ciguatoxin
Shellfish toxins◦
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)◦
Diarrhetic
shellfish poisoning (DSP)
◦
Neurotoxic
shellfish poisoning (NSP)◦
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP)/Domoic
Acid
Scombrotoxin*
* in what fish is there a potential likelihood to occur?
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Types of Naturally Occurring Types of Naturally Occurring Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
Fish in the Scombridae
family (tuna, mackerel,
skipjack, and bonito) are the most common sources of the Scombrotoxin
derived illness.
Other fish, such as mahi
mahi, bluefish, marlin, and escolar
can also cause scombroid
fish
poisoning.http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/scombroi
d/index.html
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Intentionally Added Chemicals --Intentionally Added Chemicals Food AdditivesFood Additives
Direct (allowable limits under GMPs)◦
Preservatives (e.g., nitrite and sulfiting
agents)
◦
Nutritional additives (e.g., niacin, vitamin A)◦
Color additives (potentially added to aquaculture fish feed to improve fish flesh color)
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Unintentionally or Unintentionally or Incidentally Added ChemicalsIncidentally Added Chemicals
Prohibited substances (21 CFR, Part 21.189)
Secondary direct and indirect◦
e.g., lubricants, cleaning compounds, sanitizers, paint
Agricultural chemicals ◦
e.g., pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, fertilizers, antibiotics and growth hormones
Toxic elements and compounds ◦
e.g., lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury*, cyanide
* in what “fish”
is there a potential likelihood to occur?
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Chemical Hazards s –– TToxic Elementsoxic ElementsChemical Hazard
Top of the food chain, longer living seafood species: Tuna, Shark …
MN Fish Consumption Advisory:http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/fish/index.html
Any fish (store-bought or sport-caught) could contain contaminants such as mercury that can harm human health -
especially the development of children and fetuses. You can't see, smell, or taste the mercury in fish. That's why it is important to know which fish are safer than others to eat.
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Biological HazardsBiological Hazards
Microorganisms◦
Yeast◦
Mold◦
Bacteria◦
Viruses◦
Protozoa
Parasitic worms
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Bacterial HazardsBacterial Hazards
Sporeforming
and nonsporeforming
bacteria
Food infection and food intoxication
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SporeformingSporeforming BBacteria (Pathogens)acteria (Pathogens)
Clostridium botulinum
*
◦
Proteolytic◦
Nonproteolytic* What limits the presence of this bacteria or shocked spores in sushi?
Bacillus cereus **
** In what food or food ingredient is there a potential likelihood of intoxication to occur and how can it be controlled?
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Bacillus cereus **Bacillus cereus **
** Rice is a leading cause of B. cereus
emetic-type
food poisoning in the United States. The microorganism is frequently present in uncooked rice, and its heat-resistant spores survive cooking. If the rice is held at room temperature, the spores may germinate and multiply. The toxin produced can survive heating (such as stir-frying) and many people are unaware that cooked rice is a potentially hazardous food.
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NonsporeformingNonsporeforming BBacteriaacteria
Campylobacter
spp.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (e.g., E. coli O157:H7)
Listeria monocytogenes
Salmonella
spp. (e.g., S. typhimurium, S. enteriditis)
Shigella spp. (e.g., S. dysinteriae)
Pathogenic
Staphylococcus aureus*
(e.g., coagulase
positive S. aureus)
* in the flow of food, at which step or steps is this bacteria a primary concern?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Vibrio
spp. (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus,)
Yersinia
enterocolitica
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Viral HazardsViral Hazards
Infect living cells and are species specific
Reproduce inside the host cell
Survive in human intestines, water or food for months
Transmission usually by fecal-oral route and related to poor personnel hygiene
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Parasitic HazardsParasitic Hazards
Parasites are organisms that need a host to survive
Thousands of kinds exist worldwide, but only about 100 types are known to infect people through food contamination◦
Parasitic worms [e.g., roundworms (nematodes), tapeworms (cestodes), flukes (trematodes)]
Greater detail will be provided in the next presentation.
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Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
FDA Fish and Fisheries Products Hazards and Controls GuidanceThird EditionJune 2001
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegula toryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/Seafood/Fish andFisheriesProductsHazardsandControlsGuide/def ault.htm
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Questions?Questions?
Minnesota Department of AgricultureDairy and Food Inspection Division625 Robert Street NorthSaint Paul, MN 55155-2538651.201.6027www.mda.state.mn.us
Jim Topie, REHS Food Inspector 3651.226.9502 (BB)[email protected]