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Summary
The need of a lasting method to generate fuel and chemical products for the
future, led in the past years to an important usage of the biomass as raw material.
The present paper tries to present a new alternative of fuel, that could replace the
usage of fossil fuel in the close future. The bioethanol of second generation is seen
nowadays as the best alternative of replacing fossil fuels.
The first chapter presents the current state of the fuels. There are also presented in
comparison the three types of fuel known at present.
The next chapter shows the perspective for the development of the biofuel production until the year 2050, in Europe and also in the entire world. Related to this
topic there are also presented some issues from the European Legislation.
Chapter 3 offers information about the possibilities of using biofuels and especially
the possibilities of using the bioethanol as fuel used in transport as mixed with gasoline,
being illustrated the specific properties for this mixture called gasohol.
The next chapter deals with the study of the quality index of bio-ethanol, being
presented its properties generally as against to the gas properties. There are also
presented the two existing types of bioethanol (anhydrous and hydrous).
The chapter Methods of obtaining bioethanol describes the main three methods
of obtaining the bioethanol- from feedstocks containing sugar, from amidone based
feedstocks, and also from lignocellulose based raw material, a method that is
presented at large in the next chapter.
In the former part of the paper there were broadly presented the biofuels obtained from
renewable feedstocks. The latter part of the paper illustrates a clearer picture of the
bioethanol of second generation .
Chapter 6 is more complex, being structured in 6 important subchapters. The first
part deals with the process of obtaining bioethanol from lignocellulose materials,
being described at large all the stages of the process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedstockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedstock -
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Subchapter 2 describes the technological process of obtaining the bio-ethanol from
remains of wood of strong essence, being presented all the chemical reactionsthat take place at each stage of the process.
Furthermore, based on the process previously described, there will be
presented the material balance for each stage and then there will be made a
total mass balance. Also,there will be presented the specific costs and the
specific production of the technological process.
This part also contains a stage of sizing the key equipment of the technological
process. This process was applied to the fermentation tank, the equipment
where the main reactions take place, as well as to the rectifying column used toseparation the mixture water- bioethanol.
Like any other technological process, the presented process implies issues related
to the environment protection; for these reasons the last subchapter of this paper presents
alternatives for separation of the secondary products released and their usage further on
in the chemical industry.