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Studiereis NVAG20-27 april 2014
Introductie Turkije
Rob van der Meer
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Bronnen
The World Fact Book, CIA, April 2004Lonely Planet, Turkey, April 2009
Turkije, ANWB, 1994
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Geography
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GeographyTurkey The Netherlands
Area 783,562 sq km 41,543 sq kmLand/Sea Boundary 2648/7200 1027/451
Elevation extremes 0/5166 -7/+322 (862)
Natural resources Coal, metals, clay, hydropower
Natural gas, petroleum, salt
Natural hazards Earthquakes FloodingGeography note Controlling Turkish
straits, Mount Ararat, Euphrate&Tigris control
Mouth of 3 major rivers
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Turkey The Netherlands
Ethnicity 75% TR, 18% krd 80% NLD, 2,2% TRPopulation 82,000,000 17,000,000Religion 99.8% muslim 30% RC, 20% Prot
5% muslim, 42% noneBirth rate 16.86/1000 10.83/1000Death rate 6.12/1000 8.57/1000
Urbanization 72% 83%Life expectancy/birth 73 81
Fertility rate 2.08 child/woman 1.78 child/woman
Mothers age 1st birth 22.9 28.9
Maternal mortality 20/100,000 live births 6/100,000 live births
Population
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Turkey The Netherlands
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Turkey The Netherlands
Health expenditures 6.7% of GDP 12% of GDP
Physicians density 1.71/1000 3.92/1000 pop
Hospital beds 2.5/1000 4.7/1000 pop
HIV prevalence <0.1% 0.2%
Adult obesity 27.8% 18.8%
Literacy 94% 99%
Youth unemployment 17.5% 9.5%
Population, health
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State
Republic, parliamentary democracy81 ProvincesIndependence 19 October 1923President: Abdullah GülPrime Minister: Recep Tayyip ErdoganAnthem: Istiklal Marsi (Independence March)
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Economy
Free market economy, industry & services Growing importance middle class entrepreneursAutomotive, electronic and construction industriesOil and gas pipelinesGDP per capita $15,300 (NLD $41,400)Budget surplus -2.1% Inflation rate 7.6%Import partners: RUS 11.3%, DEU 9%, CHI 9%Export partners: DEU 8.6%, IRAQ 7.1%, IRAN 6.5%
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Transnational issues
Maritime & territorial disputes in Aegean SeaNorth CyprusHydrological projects upstream EuphratesKurds in IraqArmeniaRefugees (Kurds, Syria)Drug trafficking
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History
2000 BC Hittites (bronze age) 700 BC Phrygians, Lycians, Greeks 547 BC Persian invasion (Cyrus) 334 BC Alexander the Great 190 BC Roman rule3rd cent Split Roman Empire, Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
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History
1071 AC Seljuks’ first defeat over Byzantines, introduction of islam
1300 AC Osman: Ottoman dynasty1453 AC Sultan Mehmet II takes Constantinople1520 AC Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent: to
Budapest, Belgrade and Rhodes, patron of arts1683 AC Siege of Vienna failed
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History
1914-18 WW I, central side, battle of Gallipoli1920 AC Treaty of Sèvres (humilitation)1919-1922 War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal1923 AC Treaty of Lausanne, modernization (Gregorian calender, Roman alphabet, abolish fez)1960/70 Military coups1980 PKK active2002 Recep Tayyip Erdogan wins elections
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Culture
Hospitality, proudness, nationalismFamily life, children adoredTurkish language (M250)Kurds (M7 SE, M7 elsewhere), LazSport: soccer, oil wrestling, basketball, volleyball
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Culture
Carpets (Seljuks 12th Cen, Konya)Architecture
- Seljuk (Konya)- Ottoman- Turkish baroque (Dolmabahce)- Neoclassicism (NLD consulate)- Modern
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Food & drinks
Regional differencesMezeKebap, fish (balīk) , köfte, lamb, chickenVegetables: zeytinyagli, dolmaDrinks: •rakī, bira (Efes), sarap•cay•kahve
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Politics
AKP majorityCHP, MHP & BDP oppositionAccession EURegional influenceAppointments (high) officialsArmed ForcesConservatism
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Language
Altaic languageDifferent characters: a, b, c, ç, d, e, f, g, ğ, h, ı, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, ş, t, u, ü, v, y, and z Vowel harmony, suffixesMerhabaTeşekkür ederimAfiyet olsun
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Practical issues
Transport: bus, dolmus, taksi, ucak, (tren)Pedestrians secondary to cars, dikkat!Money: TL (5, 10, 20, 100), €1=TL2,94ATM, credit cardsReligious holidays:
• Seker (Ramazan) Bayrami• Kurban Bayrami
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Practical issues
Public holidays:•1 Jan•23 Apr National Sovereignty & Childrens’ day•19 May Youth & Sport Day•30 Aug Victory Day•29 Oct Republic Day