Download - String Theory + Universe or cosmoligy
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7/25/2019 String Theory + Universe or cosmoligy
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d adtegiei ieei g? e enieindp oaputeoieii dc uk auiceieeoegeee eeiietaliucke
ei igg iiome ieapao g,oioeimdetd eiegriiet,eteeea ieee-pieipokkuck10^16GeV eeidkeeeei10^19GeV gosoei..10^19GeV eikeiktgpjetc:
m=(hc/G)^1/2 = 1.22*10^19GeV/c^2eiuce se eaiee(e,an, ik eie )tkaeo e kmpaoeipiieeieieaieepaeip eeoeapeeiisoeigrekaieoei
soeidcpikieijie,ueigie?eieiieiipij, dueenneieepucietiktoi
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jeintoseetieei ipi , ei 10^-32 n ( 32
1e)eeieenieeot1soa ei dk
eeeeo,po e ei e eeo ei ol (u,)eeikg
eeeitgn,ijeeeingeege ei eiee ei o deiceaoaeteeise?j?emmietau
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eeeirggeegee2eisona g e e e gr s o ei ni pnkicioossr,eaaeedoaipp, iaaegaai,
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7/25/2019 String Theory + Universe or cosmoligy
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eiieeia i, kkaiigkeiiek eiiiieE=mc^2
eiskiiijepioepgsoktieiaiijeoeisinelneieiigjnei12bieieegekbegu,,, sj,,bi,uo,uo,u m, g, kedeig eim
dmeaeeapggdkodedW+, W- , Zdog k o ge e o eeiesosogieoaepae-so?soeeeieikeea, mkppeicdoeieiaputakeeaojia
eieikgeejggsoieieikk:kktakaeki,rk, k,kekhrks:eueidraenu
eeeip,eigerkei i gk ei g e e ga-, i-, -ieieigk u i eg egeeue,apnua
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i , e s e e e ol
olek p r a ea i o
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eip inr _____________________________
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perturbation theory:
eitieaijingaeoeioa eoaioenee utp s igeai:1) eiomkd,ki(r)
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2)nnip____________________________________________
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i ti e i ei t nkeeu oeiep-eige)eadkee alekeialokoeeepeeookesdkeiieisgkseee
unn:unnpiega p a oiippujunneii sdeukusgeeseeunn.eki,ukukse
deiD-braneDp-brane (epe t) egduksdpieeukedunn:u n:ukgukk k e k i n:D-brane uiD-brane eik(ijeniei?)epD-brane?uksprp
iD-braneD-brane g-t-1ragtatee, peuceu 2-tp3 i iuiso9teet10tcsoD9-branecn
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egeup= -uks
instanto ep= 0ee brane
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keoeie ge gkei eo
i, rieikl, i,iep
eeeiedieldeilleolo
el ee emeeeeemeeeae1eaei
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ei o
eeg pie ee o
eeeieoeueiioeo i oeei kt (nkt nlo) eisoitp10e(aao)i, ieei ei d 4t (puc)?eii id iei
i p u io eu s o ei tn eeiieo ei a 5ps ige gType ISO(32), Type IIA, Type IIB,
SO(32) Heterotic e E8 x E8
Heterotic.
ei eiie einE8 x E8 Heterotic n e eiusgoaeekeikkaktei:
aiiieeieeeaeojeuctpioaakai , e s o :ptitpuc4eaiegn?egepucootgahtiu
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re ?a35m3m uo2m 6 m l e 5 505 m r
eiu6tegletept t cso4etgi, ei eklsiiegpeiucteieu-iidijiioae ceiietetdieieeoniee
ed akedeid iaeiddtpi
euciieii oa ig g otie
ite ee r rieauctg
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iee e m s omi56ueuu35m3e5meu?mteaoutgeieiotakt (, p, uc) genrtegi?iioaeoei
oimettgi? i i g eeitmet+= 5tdeoaktpempeeie5temutieiee
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i a e r eakoeii5t
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i i5t i6e e ieiii p rii eeii
i ei t 1 TeV k ieei14Gevoi1000Gevi1TeV
o(d)eeieieit eten,eu
goohigeeao ei ekitrim ec e g eiioe6t eiaegipk
ss!d? iiie iia iri i
aidieiiijiu i iinia , io ii, i ii,oa!idiiuueiid
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so5edieijseotgiir ioi, 1/r eieieiT-dualityType IIA eType IIB, SO(32) Heterotic eE8 x E8 Heterotic sgeiT-duality ep
ijrrrkaeijgajjpopueipaiii,kr, oeipu agteij nsopi oaeje oet28% j72% nsoaip as e,iisoi
e,eoges? skrl a g s og uk edpeueiukiukeaeukekgeeagegeesol et12,3, 4,keiag ret oa soa 11t10
so5j5jeieuksegteeakeiotejrkei5jsopg:Type IIB:gs,uksiD-brane et-1,1,3,5,7Type IIA: eoseeeD-brane et0,2,4,6,8E8 x E8 Heterotic :seeD-branetSO(32) Heterotic:seeD-branetType I SO(32):ukeseeD-brane et1,5,9ssddeisojp;egdsgiigeieiid T-duality ej(T-dualityseuditietXXttYYteit4eiea
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eeidteksX t a Y t dt
o eiieksYt R e es ei k s k W=n/R n cest
esk,tbktYtsum=1m=-1iesgiea
eodieeeids 1+(-1)= 0 a cekscktekw= mRieiceiT-duality)
dS-duality epornkrdgaidga, eiodgeir, so 5 so eiso eage10teisokisoS-duality10tSO(32) Heterotic ethe Type Iseeisoseeoid i sg o eaa (oo- 3)Type I soheterotic SO(32) eeidp , e Type IIB e i p 1995eouieee11tType IIA eE8 xE8eaeiS-dualitype-oeo:eopeso10e11tgmkgt11toesimkieD brane oieM brane eolael
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eoghpteeketes11gteiType IIAse eo10tetRM brane e2teM2
brane t tgM2brane egtpeType IIAseType IIAsei e 9 e et p eojeeikeieakpsoeot
sopsoeo oeieoe,eaijeiiputom
eisou oaoe soui
; dl
moinnktgaa, - emo
i i - i,gpiic, , oi, ? euci? uj-j-pgut,aiaikjacgei io ei akd, e! , eegai
kt
i, asa- epie! kti, aglo!aeakd! epeig? kt/i-e ! iei!!
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pnp3kiitn818n!!i?eeeak,dak! e-ep94610000000000! i
al! ktpieiktp4.24a!,i4o-i2014acepniio4!?-skti, icga! kt10-20, , a s k !!!!
kaicaktepktioi! a, lo(Milky way Galaxy)eip
kt! p100 400!! eice! eiceko! , loepap ekkt , , ilo e25!i,pa ! eako, o e o!lo al !, eiloa!iloioeca (Andromeda)epkae-e()eei r! - eggiu, egiu e , e , , ! iage , ag e, age, ag ei
!1-egg 14!! eic p 9,300 , epe, i9,300ap!!! eclo, k!i? ek c (ObservableUniverse),ekei9,300,i! i, eiaiee, igeia
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oaeo, oialai,o,a, ai! , ti, bia! i e p ,
i i - ce pei n,iicnp, o818n-saktia! g c, ig-se,ej! ia, i !!i? ci, , eae ! ei giaktktt,iktn ! n, e
ap a, oa a se!uip! kr,cee? pee!eeamn oieiap7000eiteajak (m)pe,i,i? iuek e alae e a,g,
ic
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ekti,ee juuktegkdektuckt ukt epudi eukta , e t 10 12!
ktukt, gaktiacoj Electron-degenerate d ei ku iiekkrereen(black dwarf)ecukti eeiuh eiui i,eioei
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i,eieeke, eoiie
hbc, u, p! h-eeeiireo! e
og, r, ba! iibi, ? tieipaeeiee, e!iogktahkbe-r,er,uajebeekto! ktkt, eabeosuper massive black hole! , ebo!eip, p, g-ug, s, paa,el- ipipp--j---t------
,,!tai,uat, j-juuemieitBig bang (),taieitmii- t p , kt, g-ugkdkden!ea! r, ei-ek,aelrikeeal! e-ei, , io kgoi, , k kt,
kt
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eni , i ?
einj Singularity ()eo-m Cosmicegg. eiet- dia! oikdkd, ieiinieijtp al r o ler p (PlankEpoch) p - , m, uiuin, euineet c10^(-43)n10^(-12)neiatete
ri r 10^(-6) n i peu!,pnie10pekp i ei r e p 1 n 10n i pean-pei n ite pean-pui10 n 3,80,000 i 3 20 peu
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uupkr3,77,000 pi151ip1580ekaeuepkcp
kt r, iu
keiu-aiktj40pkteippkt 3 ktei l u (i, , ) u r p
k e g ee kteiaskt e!2007jspe, gektceig13ai, eigp, i i, ia-, ei50,50i2 pkteeieiloee
800nei900ap400! ieaerukeesgrp,gtecoeaeitaieik c i pr, ipeep, pgeac! p , kt li e , ea lia! op? eiek, egt5!95ii!!!!a, ei s kt i, g-ug, , g i, ei t 5 ! 95 i?ei 95c () ee (k)e a-k68.3%e, 26.8%,t4.9%eegsi? eig(visible light),igiski, iga
eiepigii, gajc?jeiaga?eiputni, g -mdec- iger- ektikt, ! ktc- ao ip ap-aopp
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-aokoeidpiekt,uigup,eajk g , igaupp!, ig, p
; aup!eiktoi, eiga, aual- iei a! eia ! ie j c, kt e, keain-g oaag ! gcagkto, ialiegc eiecr-eice ei c, ek cr
caeiec,locioeekue! eeiokkp,jke, kputt,ikpei,pepr i p ea p eir! j, eicekkepe