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Strengthening the enabling environment:
Fund-wide data & trends
MERPBruce Bailey | Paul Crawford | Paul Tyndale-Biscoe
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• CSOs have responded to recommendations to focus on
strengthening the enabling environment
• Focus has been on government Change Agents (especially sub-
national)
• WASH strategy should be appropriately aligned with context
• ‘Strengthening’ has mostly involved training, but could explore more
sophisticated methods to address resourcing and system
constraints
2
Key messages
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• CSO lobbying, DFAT-commissioned research
• CS WASH Fund (Phase 1)
• 2009 – 2011
• 11 CSOs, 21 countries, 45 projects
• 2012…
• Completion evaluation (MRP)
• CS WASH Fund (Phase 2)
3
Once upon a time…Theory of change –
Version 1
DELIVERABLES:
E.g. infrastructure design and implementation, hygiene promotion
CORE OUTCOMES:
Outcome 1: increased access to sanitation
Outcome 2:increased access to water
Outcome 3:improved hygiene behaviour
CSO
Delivery Team
Poor communities
& households
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Theory of change –
Version 1
DELIVERABLES:
E.g. infrastructure design and implementation, hygiene promotion
CORE OUTCOMES:
Outcome 1: increased access to sanitation
Outcome 2:increased access to water
Outcome 3:improved hygiene behaviour
CSO
Delivery Team
Poor communities
& households
4
DELIVERABLES:
E.g. training, mentoring, advocacy, technical advice, campaigns etc.
ENABLING OUTCOMES:
Outcome 4: improved WASH governance
Outcome 5:strengthened local capacity
Outcome 6: improved gender equality
Outcome 7: improved WASH evidence base
CORE OUTCOMES:
Outcome 1: increased access to sanitation
Outcome 2:increased access to water
Outcome 3:improved hygiene behaviour
CSO
Delivery Team
Institutional &
community partners
Poor communities
& households
Theory of change –
Version 2
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5
CS WASH Fund (Ver. 2.0)
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Is it the right way?
R² = 0.3999
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Strategy - Context vs Sustainability
SM(c)-dif Linear (SM(c)-dif)
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7
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Appropriate
technologies
Effective
markets
Sustainable
financing
Monitoring
Regulation
Learning
Innovation Coordination
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Who is the ‘Enabling Environment’?
Government
Community
Private sector
84%
8%
8%
Change Agent Type
Government Private sector Local CSO
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10
Water Sanitation Hygiene GeSI ECD K&L
Change Agent Sustainability by Component
Which WASH strategy?
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11
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
ECD GeSI Hygiene Sanitation Water
Sustainability of CA Performance by Type
Community Government Local CSO Private Sector
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Where is the ‘Enabling Environment’?
National
Sub-national
Local
5%
49%
46%
Change Agent Level
National Sub-national Community
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Male
Government
Province or
district
Sanitation
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CommunityPrivate
sectorGovernment
National
Sub-
national
Local
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Government
Private SectorCommunity
Engagement with Enabling Environment
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What does ‘strengthening’ involve?
People
Skills
MotivationSystems
Resources
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40%: training (gov. &
community)
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18
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
People Skills Systems Resources Movitation Total
average
average
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19
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
People Skills Systems Resources Movitation Total
Government Private Sector Community
Gov &
community
$$
Business &
community
systems
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Reflections on the way forward…
Change
Agents
outside
government?
…especially
private
sector?
National
level? Female
Change
Agents?
More
sophisticated
than training?
…especially
resourcing
and systems
Tactical
choices about
WASH sub-
sectors?
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Private sector, community,
government?
Local, sub-national,
national?
Sanitation, hygiene,
water, GESI, ECD, K&L?
People, skills, motivation,
systems, resources?
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Strengthening the enabling environment:
Fund-wide data & trends
MERPBruce Bailey | Paul Crawford | Paul Tyndale-Biscoe